Beckmann S. — Domesticating Mountains in Middle Bronze Age Crete
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Бібліографія: Beckmann S. Domesticating Mountains in Middle Bronze Age Crete: Minoan Agricultural Landscaping in the Agios Nikolaos Region. Doctoral Thesis. — Rethymno: University of Crete, Department of History and Archaeology, 2012. Комісія: Κατερίνα Κόπακα, Νένα Γαλανίδου, Ίρις Τζαχίλη.
Структура дисертації (за змістом): Вступ · Розд. I «Гео-культурна рамка» (геологія, гідрологія, подія аридизації 4.2 ka BP, рослинність; гірське землеробство, трансгуманс, сироваріння, бджільництво, експеримент із вирощування ячменю) · Розд. II «Археологічні дані» (типологія кладки, стіни, руїни, перівóли, дороги, кераміка) · Розд. III «Мінойський гірський ландшафт як людський артефакт» · Додатки A–G.
Розбір → Minoiska_hora_landshaft_iak_artefakt.
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Domesticating Mountains
in Middle Bronze Age Crete: Minoan Agricultural Landscaping in the Agios Nikolaos Region
Sabine Beckmann
Doctoral Thesis
APPENDICES
Department of History and Archaeology University of Crete Rethymno 2012
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Εξημερωνοντας τα Κρητικά Όρη στη Μέση Εποχή του Χαλκού: Η Μινωικh Διαμόρφωση του Τοπίου στην Περιοχή του Αγίου Νικολάου
Σαμπίνε Μπέκμαν
Διδακτορική Διατριβή
Τμήμα Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας
Πανεπιστημίο Κρήτης
Ρεθυμνο 2012
Τριμελής Κατερίνα Κόπακα
Νένα Γαλανίδου
Επιτροπή
Ίρις Τσαχίλη
Προγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών
“Αρχαιοσ Μεσογειακοσ Κοσμοσ:
Ιστορια και Αρχαιολογια”
Κατευθυνση Προϊστορικη Αρχαιολογια
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table of Contents
volume I
FOREWORD - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................. I
INTRODUCTION… 1 a. Subject of the study…2 b. Problems and questions…3 c. Research methods…5 Archaeological Study… 5 Mapping landscape and architectural features… 6 Dating and measuring the sites… 8 Ethnoarchaeological approach… 9 Ethnographic data collection…10 An ethnoarchaeological experiment… 11 Presentation – Text and CD Appendices – Basic conventions … 11 Chronological framework… 11 Abbreviations… 12
CHAPTER I — GEO-CULTURAL FRAMEWORK… 13 a. Description of the study area. Geology, landscape, environment…13 1. Topographical and geological setup of the Tsivi South area… 13 2. Hydrology… 15 3. Climate, erosion and ecology… 16 4. Ancient climate changes, the 4.2 kiloyear BP aridification event.. 20 5. Vegetation and wildlife… 21 b. Historical and recent mixed agriculture in the Cretan mountains…27 1. Land use in the Cretan mountains before and in BA… 27 Before the Bronze Age…27 The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age…28 2. Land use in the Dikti mountains after the BA… 30 Before Hellenistic times…30 Late Hellenistic and Roman times…32 3. Modern/recent land use in the study region… 35 A. The use of uncultivated nature…35 The forests… 35 Examples for local use of the wild flora and fauna… 40 Herbs… 40 Wild vegetables, snails… 40 Black and white work: Coal and lime burning… 42 B. Mountain built environments and settlement pattern(s)…44 Agricultural installations - Pastoral installations… 44 Various specialized installations… 47 Horticulture… 47 Bee-enclosures… 48 Shepherd installations… 50 Agricultural installations… 60 Terracing ancient and modern… 63
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Table of Contents
C. Life in the Cretan mountains (study area).....................................65
Shepherd life - Transhumance.................................................................. 65
Shepherds’ manners and customs............................................................ 65
Pastoral every day life of interest for archaeological comparison.......... 67
Cheese making................................................................................ 69
Xinochondros – ξινόχοντρος............................................................. 71
Shepherds’ knives............................................................................ 71
Mountain agriculture............................................................................... 72
Experimental archaeology: Cultivating a mountain barley field.................... 75
Apiculture – Beehives.............................................................................. 79
Transport............................................................................................... 81
CHAPTER II – ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA… 85 a. Background to the investigation…85 b. Built structures…92 1. Typology, Morphology – Masonry… 92 A. Stone Block Typology…92 B. Walls (wall ruins)…96 1. Definitions and descriptions of terms used in this thesis… 97 2 – Middle Bronze Age walls in the Tsivi South area: Typology… 98 3 – Wall Identification… 100 Special case check dams… 108 4 – Comparison Protopalatial versus other masonry… 109 C. Ruins – Buildings. From wall to house: Shapes and sizes… 113 Definitions:… 113 1 – Dwellings – Ruin wall types… 115 Dwelling wall types in detail… 116 Other features of building ruin walls… 122 Set-backs/offsets… 122 Doors/windows etc… 123 So-called “Sally Ports”… 125 2 – Dwellings – Ruin shapes… 128 General… 128 Building shapes… 128 Statistics… 129 Ruins shapes, wall lengths… 129 Ruin size… 129 Ruin Size: Comparison with recent houses… 130 Ruin Size: Comparison with NP houses… 131 Yards/courts and similar open air structures… 132 Columns?… 132 Possible upper structures… 134 3 – Round structures – Ruin wall types and shapes… 137 General – (details see Appendix E “Round structures”)… 137 Round Structure Type 1… 138 Round Structure Type 2… 140 Round Structure Type 2 – variation… 142 Half Round Structures… 144 D. Ruins – Enclosure walls/Perivoloi… 144 1. General… 144 2. Outer Perivoloi… 149 3. Inner Perivoloi… 154 E. Ruins – Roads… 158 1. Background to the investigation… 158 2. Minoan Roads in the Tsivi South area… 159
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Table of Contents
Volume II
2. Built Structures – Topography............................................... 165
A. Spatial organization and settlement pattern................................ 166
B. Site topography – ruin topography............................................. 169
Topography typology............................................................................. 172
Neighbouring sites/proximity of dwelling ruins........................................ 179
Defensibility/positioning of possible military importance........................... 183
Positioning of buildings in relation to roads............................................. 186
C. Perivolos topography/positioning............................................... 187
D. Minoan road/route topography.................................................. 194
Minoan Roads of the Tsivi South area..................................................... 194
Road width........................................................................................... 198
E. Other features.......................................................................... 199
The edge of the settled area.................................................................. 199
Courts?................................................................................................ 199
F. Sacred/ritual places?................................................................. 200
c. Moveable Finds...................................................................................... 207
1. Pottery............................................................................... 207
A. Description..............................................................................207
The shapes........................................................................................... 208
The fabrics........................................................................................... 211
B. Typology..................................................................................214
Similarities of regional coarse pottery types............................................ 216
Distribution........................................................................................... 217
Main features in Tsivi South coarse pottery fabrics – typology summary.... 219
C. Chronology – affinities – conclusions.......................................... 221
Appendix: Bee-hive sherds.................................................................... 224
2. Lithic objects...................................................................... 225
A. Lithic finds according to material............................................... 227
1 - Soft stone: Steatite.......................................................................... 227
2 – Chipped stone:............................................................................... 230
Chert and quartz........................................................................... 230
Obsidian....................................................................................... 232
3 - Ground stone:................................................................................. 234
Amphibolite................................................................................... 234
Limestone..................................................................................... 236
Possible whetstones....................................................................... 237
B. Unusual lithic objects or accumulations...................................... 238
d. Synthesis – Architecture and Function................................................... 244
1. Dwelling ruins (including their pottery and other objects).......... 245
Chronology – topography – other findings...................................... 249
2. Round structures................................................................. 251
3. Enclosure walls................................................................... 257
Outer Perivoloi.............................................................................258
Inner Perivoloi..............................................................................265
Special cases of Inner Perivoloi.............................................................. 269
4: Synopsis: Bronze Age Land Use in the Tsivi South area............ 272
Practical approach................................................................................. 273
A. Pars pro toto: The Pateragiorgis land use area............................ 280
Were the Minoan mountain dwellers of Pateragiorgis self-subsistent?........ 284
B. Pars pro toto: The Stous Asfendamous Land use area................. 286
Possible granaries in the Stous Asfendamous area................................... 290
Possible Bronze Age sheep pens............................................................. 291
Bronze Age land use in the Tsivi South area in general............................ 293
Farm sizes over time – “Norms and Variability”........................................ 294
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Special examples.................................................................................. 296
Example A: How it is visible that the climate probably changed......... 296
Example B: Shared perivoloi – shared land.................................... 296
Example C: Site 33, its land and subsistence data............................ 299
Example D: Site 100 and its oncolithic cisterns................................ 300
CHAPTER III – THE MINOAN MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPE…303 a. The Minoan Mountain Landscape as Human Artefact… 303 b. Negative Evidence…307 c. Open Questions…311 d. Conclusions…313
Bibliography. … 317
APPENDICES
Preamble.................................................................................337
Maps Gridded...........................................................................351
Various Maps............................................................................347
Site Drawings...........................................................................453
Ruin Shapes.............................................................................461
Site Catalogue..........................................................................469
Round Structures......................................................................839
Lithics.....................................................................................899
Toponyms................................................................................903
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page 337
APPENDICES
PREAMBLE
Appendix A: Maps.
This appendix gives various possibilities of rendering the Tsivi South area on maps or map-like satellite or aerial photographs. The main map has isoheights of 10 m (produced on “Global Mapper”) based on a DEM (Digital Elevation Map) of 10 m isoheights provided by IMS FORTH (Dr. Apostolos Sarris, Rethymnon – my thanks!). This means that all details (sudden rocky elevations or depressions, the whole detailed shape of the closer area, heights of knolls and ridges) are given within a range of +/- 8 m – and no more – for detail. While this is extremely good compared with other DEMs, still on such a map the exact height of specific terrain details can only be approximately trusted (e.g. as for visibility to other sites and landmarks), and the exact position of – sometimes even important – landscape features may be lost. The map should always be used in combination with the site catalogue only1.
For comparison: Google Earth images have an underlying DEM of 90 m point sampling – meaning the surface height was measured every 90 m and the inbetween area interpolated. Obviously no detail at all can be gained from such a map in a highly textured landscape relief as the one studied here (this should be kept in mind for the Google Earth image, where even from a large distance mountain shapes appear more smooth through this interpolation, and many a gorge just disappears). Thus the mountains between the study region and Malia to the north are much more rugged than they appear on the image, and hence every road connection was much more difficult and rough than one supposes from this.
The main gridded map (legend on p.2) shows the area with grids of ca. 1860 x 741 m (slightly overlapping). The individual cells of the grid can be reached by clicking on them – and by further zooming in. The site catalogue gives grid numbers for each site. For better visibility on the map, points are given within 50 m of their actual position (otherwise they sometimes overlap). Unconnected lines mean uncertain connections/continuity (walls, roads).
The images show (see also legend on p. 2 of the gridded map):
Blue house-squares with numbers for the dwelling sites.
Round Structures: Two varieties are given, the underground version (cistern, blue cross in circle) and the aboveground version (granary, green circle; for typologies see below). In a few cases one point may actually mean two Round Structures (as at Sites 33, 91) as they are too close together.
Blue drops for water sources (springs, perennial wells).
Orange lines: “roads” (see definition below). For details of width see site catalogue. Two seemingly parallel roads are probably not of the same period, but not datable as older/newer now, thus given both.
Gray lines: enclosure walls. Two gray lines close to each other are usually walls with space for a road inbetween (mostly only visible in zoom from 100% and up).
Coloured areas: perivolos areas as interpreted by me from the actual walls (gray lines). Walls surrounding sites are interpreted as surrounding their respective land “estate” or working
1 This still applies to the more detailed GYS (Greek Geographical Military Service) maps 1:5000 available: here isoheights are 4 m and still lots of details are lost in mountainous surroundings. But these maps cannot be easily converted to digital DEMs because of the many small impurities on the analogue images. That is, the digital 1:5000 maps are very expensive because people have to sit down and draw the 4-m lines anew one by one for digitalization – a lot of work in a mountainous country.
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APPENDICES: PREAMBLE page 338
area (for agriculture and browsing). Perivoloi that I take to have been shared by several sites have the same colour (e.g. with the 99 sites), as have those where I believe several areas (one only containing the dwelling) belonged to one site (e.g. with Site 51B).
A map with toponyms is given in Appendix G.
Appendix B: “triangulated” drawings of the dwellings and their surrounding walling of Sites 18 (rough sketch), 53, 128, 169, 171, 184, 189. Triangulation here was not performed with angles but with distances (for each point from two fixed points). Here the not quite right angles of the rectangular ruins become visible.
Appendix C: Drawings: Ruin shapes (to scale) of ruins well enough preserved to judge the whole shape. The north arrow within the shapes shows their orientation. For position in the landscape see Appendix D.
Not all angles appearing as right angles really are, but as angles were not measured in detail they are given as approximately 90°. For the actual differences occurring see the ruin drawing and the site drawing (App. B) of Site 171. Also, due to the often very overgrown (trees, bushes, all mostly very thorny) conditions no 100% correct measurings could be taken, in many cases rather approximately meter-steps were used than a tape. But note that with oncolithic ruins one or two slightly moved blocks may make a difference of half a meter, so ruin size is always to be seen as approximate.
Appendix D: Site Catalogue
Site:
The names of the sites usually have not changed over the 8 years of my study (for most of the sites I have a huge photographic archive that doesn’t easily allow changes). As this study is focussed mainly on the PP oncolithic sites (with few examples for comparison), some of the original numbers are missing (e.g. those that belonged to EM or other sites, e.g. 7, 15), thus usually the number sequence is of no consequence. Letters behind numbers were originally given to close-by sites, but later also to slightly farther distanced sites discovered after the earlier ones, so as not to insert a totally different number in a region (e.g. Site 110B that I discovered only in December 2011, as I had never walked this especially rocky, steep part of the area and didn’t expect any ruins there). Roman numbers are given when there are more than one separate building at the dwelling sites. The KA-Sites are beyond the watershed looking towards the south coast and Kalamafka. The KR-Sites are those in the high mountainous area above Kroustas2. All this wasn’t changed afterwards so as not to have to change ca. 20.000 photographs and hundreds of GIS data-sets connected to these original names.
Region: Gives the modern topographical name (for a list and map of these see Appendix G).
Map: Gives the wider region names and numbers of the GYS 1:5000 Hatt maps (made ca. 1948, slightly updated since for modern roads) grid name numbered map-sheets (with names given by me for their main feature, e.g. “Ag. Ioannis” for the only toponym with a church, “Tafos” for the cave of this name central to the area - written as “Pafos” and on the wrong slope on the respective map). At the end of the line the cell-grid number for the main gridded map of this study is given (go to with click on the respective part of the main map, p.1).
2 Although after beginning this numbering while working on the 183-195 Sites I returned to simple numbering, hence they are partly in the same region.
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DWELLING:
Ruin kind: a short description of the ruin in terms of masonry (oncolithic/rubble) and states if a drawing exists in Appendix C.
Ruin sizes: given in square meters, numbers in brackets give main architectural element size, for instance a site with two separate buildings like Site 7D I+II, with one rectangular and one L-shaped ruin is given as: 104+66 sqm: (8x13)+ (9x6+3x4). If a “+” is given, the ruin was probably larger, but additional parts can’t be clearly measured.
Ruin max. standing: gives the highest point of the ruin measurable and the number of preserved masonry courses at that point. These are usually at downhill corners or in downhill walls.
Ruin type: gives a number where the respective types apply (typology see below).
Masonry: a short description of the wall masonry, type and preservation conditions.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES:
Round: number and letter “u” for underground, “a” for aboveground (if Round Structures exist – for details of these see Appendix E).
Perivolos area: given in square meters. “ 3 shared by 5 sites: 52.300 (18200 + 26900 + 7200)” meaning 3 perivoloi (without ruin within their areas) surround the 5 sites that I believe shared their area use. These have a sum of 52.300 sqm, while in brackets one finds the size of each.
Perivolos length: given in kilometers. In cases of shared perivoloi, the length is the sum of all lengths.
Perivolos preservation type: the number of the types given in the typology below.
Inner Perivolos: information on the kind (and where known size in sqm) of Inner Perivolos where visible.
Roads: the width (typology see below) of the road(s) close to the dwelling or connecting it to others. Some of the main through roads are recurring, as the old paths connecting Tapes (the village near the northernmost sites) with the Katharo plain, Kritsa with the Katharo plain (in large parts preserved as cobbled - where the landscape makes it necessary), Kroustas with the Katharo plain (also partly cobbled) and Kritsa site areas with the Kroustas site area (and probably beyond to the coast near Priniatikos Pyrgos/ Istron/Kalo Chorio).These were in use until recently when the first asphalt roads were constructed, some still are in use for local connection if done on foot or by donkey.
MOVEABLE FINDS:
Pottery: a short description of the kind of pottery seen at the site in terms of shapes. Sometimes unusual fabrics not belonging to the typologies of this study is mentioned here.
Types: gives a “1” wherever the respective type (see below for typology) was seen at the site.
Burnt earth: this indicates if traces of burnt earth (mudbrick? Or other usually perishable architectural parts made from clay) were visible near the dwelling ruin.
Lithic finds: a short description where extant, typologies of ground stone tools following Blitzer 1995.
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APPENDICES: PREAMBLE page 340
TOPOGRAPHY:
Position: gives the type of position as seen in the typology below. If one factor is more prominent than the other, only that may be mentioned. E.g. a site on a small, insignificant in the landscape ridge looking SE is Type 1, not ridge-top.
Strategical position: typologies see below (but mostly self-explaining)
Position to wind: gives an “x” where the dwelling is protected from wind by landscape features.
Access: the kind of “roads” (typologies see below) serving a site/dwelling ruin.
View-visibility: what is visible from the dwelling as its own fields, part of a road, Mirabello (bay, or just sea), landmarks (e.g. Thylakas, Pano Kastellos) or Agios (Nikolaos).
Closest sites and building: self explaining.
ENVIRONMENT , comments and bibliography (where extant): self explaining.
Appendix E: Round structures
Mostly similar to the site catalogue, or self explaining. For typologies aboveground- underground see below. In the “masonry material” category the building material mainly present is given first. In the category pottery is mostly given “at site” – where pottery from the dwelling is present in any case. The possible Round Structure capacity is suggested based on a volume with the width x 1,5 as hypothetical height (the approximate value for known BA granaries or “kouloures”).
Appendix F: Stone tools – drawings of all the ground stone tools with grooves.
Appendix G: Toponyms and their confusion.
Typologies - used in the text and the appendices
Stones: Oncolithic masonry (from Greek όγκος: volume, bulk, mass).
The basis for oncolithic masonry is the stone block :
Oncolith: Minimum one side of block: 35cm, minimum second side 1,25 times that much.
Stones smaller than this are called rubble in the scope of this thesis.
Walls:
- 2.B.1
Double row, double faced oncolithic walls with occasional cross joints where tie-stones span both faces of the wall (this has also a horizontal bonding function, stabilizing walls in a sense perpendicular to the stretchers, thus e.g. resisting several directions of shearing forces as occurring in earthquakes, but also in slope pressure). Sometimes spaces between two oncolithic wythes are filled up with smaller stones/rubble. Purely oncolithic walls are usually 0,8 to 1 m wide (in rare cases up to 1,2m), rubble filled ones may be slightly broader.
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APPENDICES: PREAMBLE page 341
Special case a): Mixed double and single row (double faced) constructions with cross-joining through stones (like the later “diatoni”).
Special case b): Use of upright, often slab-like stones with an even side constituting the outer face. Obviously always on walls that are not load-bearing.
- 2.B.2
Double row walls, oncolithic on one side (mostly discernable as outside, with a well built outer face) with rubble backing on the other side (inside). In many cases it is uncertain if they were originally double faced: The rubble positioning looks always disintegrated, so the existence of an original (inner) face is necessarily conjecture. Some of these walls may have been plastered on the inside and the rubble originally solidified and held in place by mud mortar.
- 2.B.3
Single row, double faced walls (rare). In mostly level surroundings only (e.g. sites 44C, 94, KA03).
- 2.B.4
Single faced walls. Only one side is well lined up. This occurs in:
a) Single-row walls. A single line of stones, faced in the same direction.
b) Double-row walls: Only one face more or less lined up, the other haphazard or
sporadic.
c) More than two wythes, or rather no discernable wythes. The outer face orderly,
but not done with care, the inner side nearly always buried. At destroyed/eroded
segments it becomes visible that there were additional inner layers of rubble.
Ruins: (for shapes of well preserved ruins see drawings in Appendix C).
Type 1. Quadrangle: Either rectangular, square or trapezoidal shapes with four corners (but not necessarily right angles).
Type 2. Polygon: Composite shape consisting of several to many small quadrangles (again not necessarily in right angles). The most popular shape here is the simple L-form, but highly complicated shapes occur, too.
Type 3. Several distinctly apart buildings close to each other. This variation is similar to a small hamlet or closely set group of buildings and there are only 2 certain cases (Sites 100/100B: ca.300 sqm, and 108/108B: ca. 400 sqm). Because of the extremely intricate system of walls surrounding several sites there may be more sites actually belonging here. In spite of their rareness though, these sites seem to be important, not only for their large size, but also for the fact that they may constitute a kind of prototype for the NP “villas”.
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Round Structures (see Appendix E).
Type 1: a - above ground
The first kind of round structure seems always meant to be level (or nearly level) with the surrounding soil, built with oncolithic blocks at least in part and dug out as a pit or vertical shaft/well. Wall width varies between 0,7 and 1,3 m.
Type 2: u - underground
The second kind of round structure was always built aboveground, mostly with rubble or a mixture of oncolithic and rubble stones. This often seems to depend on the distance from the dwelling ruin: The closer the setting, the larger the stones. Diameters vary from 1,5 to 4 m, the most popular sizes are between 3-4 m and wall width 0,8-1,2 m (often difficult to judge because of fallen rubble). In general, most of these structures are set on slightly raised or rocky surfaces.
Perivoloi (enclosures) (see Appendix D)
Outer Perivoloi
Outer Perivolos walls are between 0,7 and 1,2 m broad - one small part of a base even 1,5 m
- and stand in some places up to 1,2 m. Fallen material in situ suggests that mainly the bases of the walls were oncolithic, whereas upper layers also used rubble (perivoloi are usually built with stones the larger the closer to the dwellings) and that heights must have reached 1,2 - 1,3 m.
Inner Perivoloi
Within the Outer Perivoloi can be detected various shapes and sizes of Inner Perivoloi, built with the defined above (2.B.1) masonry walls as belonging to dwelling ruin sites with Minoan pottery and mostly in their closer vicinities. Inner Perivolos walls are not always easily to be told apart from the actual dwelling ruins, because similar masonry would have been used for roofed and unroofed structures. Width and preserved heights are similar with those of the Outer Perivoloi.
Types in the site catalogue, Appendix D, according to the percentage of their preserved parts (of their whole length):
Type 1 :70-100% (only pieces missing at spots, the whole shape can be easily restored).
Type 2 : 40-70% (larger pieces missing, the whole shape can sometimes be restored approximately).
Type 3 : pieces (the whole shape cannot be restored, often walls cannot be clearly attributed to sites).
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APPENDICES: PREAMBLE page 343
Roads (see Appendix D)
“Road” here means any communication route, independent of its breadth or quality. Type 2 and 3 are usually no more than donkey or goat paths.
Road Type 1: ca. 2-3 m (two loaded donkeys can pass each other)
Road type 2: ca. 1-1,5 m (one loaded donkey can pass a human).
Road type 3: 0,5- 1 m (one loaded donkey or human can pass), there is no clear archaeological evidence for this kind of path.
Topography (see Appendix D) Ruin topography:
Type 1 (164 of 336 – 49%): On southeast and east facing slopes .
Type 2 (96 of 336 - 28%): On north and northeast facing slopes.
Two sub-types: A) Less than 200 m from a slightly higher rise to N-NW; (61)
B) 200-400 (rarely 500) m from a high slope to the N-NW. (35)
At/on a “plateau” (25 of 336 – 7%) or “small plateau” (8 of 336 – 2 %): Situated in area with little gradient, usually with less rocky and larger (in sum) arable plots.
Langada (20 of 336 – 6%) : On the sides of a karstic depression or (runoff-) valley.
In a saddle (5 of 336 - 1,5%): On or near the lowest point between two higher rising slopes.
At/on a ridge-top (4 of 336 – 1%): On or near the highest point between two opposite slopes.
At/on a knoll-top (4 of 336 – 1%): On or near the highest point in all directions at least 10-15 m higher than the surroundings (KA 05 only ca. 4-6 m higher).
Some positions are mixed or do not belong to any of the mentioned categories (details in Appendix D).
Strategical position (see Appendix D)
-
“Highly defensible” (5 of 336 - 1,5%): When situated on a knoll-top or ridge-top with full surround view and difficult approach from all sides.
-
“Defensible” (22 of 336 - 6,5%) : When situated on a ledge or rocky slope that could be defended by a small group of people and has difficult approach at least from several sides. (Note that many sites are positioned on rocky ledges/slopes vel sim., but still open to a possible attack from several sides.)
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APPENDICES: PREAMBLE page 344
- “Not defensible” (309 of 336 - 92%): When situated so that an attack could neither be foreseen nor be deflected easily because of the sites’ location.
Pottery (see Appendix D, E)
Main features in Tsivi South coarse pottery – typology:
General remarks: Munsell numbers shall not be used here as (probably due to various processes of firing) all types come in a variety of colours only generally described. The obvious differences lie mainly in the kind of inclusions.
Type 1: Colour/inclusions: (Dark) red to orange brown with many white grits (tiny to 0,4mm) sometimes with granodiorite (contra Haggis/Mook: Always granodiorite), comparable to Haggis/Mook 1993 Class VI (MM I-II).
Use: Mostly cooking pots.
Comes also in a half fine variety for small vessels and cups3. (270 sites)
Type 2: Colour/inclusions: Reddish brown to orange (rarely dark buff), phyllite (and/or siltstones) and many white-grey gritty inclusions. Similar with Haggis/Mook Class IV (MM I-II
- LM III, for the latter see tripod leg site 151: LM III round with finger impression). In some areas - especially high in the KR-and KA- site range - nearly pure phyllite versions.
Use: Cooking pots, storage4. (257 sites)
Type 3: Colour/inclusions: “Muesli cookie” material: Ochre to light orange brown, rarely dark red, many different inclusions in various sizes: Granodiorite, grey, black and white grit, phyllite in various colours, siltstones, microscopic mica (various colours). Not known to other specialists of the Mirabello area (Moody, Watrous), except Nowicki (pers.comm.) who dates it to MM II. (Local variation of Haggis/Mook 1993 Type III?).
Use: Cooking pots, storage. (37)
Type 4: Colour/inclusions: Buff to light orange material with red to brown, sometimes foliated, inclusions from the phyllite series (mostly siltstone) abundant (sometimes very dense) in various sizes (< 5 mm). White to light gray and off-white gritty inclusions (various amounts), sometimes also white and black granodioritic, small. Sometimes a buff slip is preserved. Comparable to Haggis/Mook 1993 Class XX (MM I-II).
Use: Storage (mostly pithoi, big jars), rarely cooking pots.
A half fine variety also exists for smaller vessels and cups. With tiny inclusions only, very typical for the “mountain-variety” of (not quite) fine ware5. (177)
In Haggis/Mook 1993 pp.273-274, two other classes of coarse-ware are described that resemble (!) fabrics occurring in the Tsivi South area and shall be mentioned as “Haggis/Mook Class I” or “Haggis/Mook Class III” (meaning 1993) in the pottery part of the site catalogue:
3 Cf. the Vrokastro „GD 1a cooking“ (Moody, 2005: 153, there compared to Haggis&Mook Class IV, which must be mistakenly given instead of VI, but see the differences in inclusions above), only that in the Tsivi South area in many cases there are no clearly visible granodiorite inclusions, even though the visible white gritty (quartzy?) inclusions may be the granite parts of granodiorite on occasion; these compare possibly best to the “GD 1c cooking” (ibid., inclusions primarily quartz), dated to Protopalatial and earlier, from the Vrokastro area. 4 There doesn’t seem to be a comparable fabric in the Vrokastro area. 5 GD 1a,b and 2 (Moody 2005: 152-3) from the Vrokastro area both have some comparable features, but only in combination with granodiorite inclusions, whereas in the Tsivi South area this fabric often doesn’t show any granodiorite.
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Type III: MM I-II (fig. 5)
The color of this fabric ranges from light orange to buff (7.5YR 616 reddish-yellow to 10YR
616 brownish-yellow), with a pink to orangish-brown core with diffuse edges (2.5YR 516
red to 5YR 516 yellowish-red). Black-and-white granitic-dioritic inclusions are 0.3-3.5 mm
in size and abundant. These are the most obvious inclusions in type III, and often protrude
beyond the surfaces, giving them a rough texture and a “salt and pepper” appearance.
Discrete white to very light gray, angular to subangular, elongate inclusions are 0.3-1.0 mm
in size. They are rare and not always apparent. “Gold mica” particles (biotite), microscopic
to 0.3 mm in size, are also rare and frequently not visible.
[Haggis/Mook 1993: 273/4]
Type I: MM III- LM I (fig. 3)
This fabric (35) varies in color from reddish-brown to reddish-orange (2.5YR 416 red to 5YR
516 yellowish-red). It frequently has a pinkish-gray to dark reddish-brown or yellowish-gray
core with diffuse edges (2.5YR 512 weak red to 2.5YR 316 dark red or 2.5Y 512 grayish-
brown). Red to gray or brown, foliated inclusions are abundant. They are subangular,
equidimensional or elongate, and microscopic to 5.5 mm in size. They belong to the phyllite
series. These large, densely packed phyllites are the most apparent inclusions in this fabric.
White to very light gray, angular to subangular, elongate inclusions are 0.3-2.5 mm in size.
They are rare, and only sometimes visible. The surface texture is smooth and hard, with the
inclusions well embedded into the body. The rarity of white inclusions in type I distinguishes
it from type IV.
NOTE 35: This is equivalent to the most common phyllite-tempered fabric occurring at
Pseira in LM I (P.P. Betancourt and C. Floyd, personal communication).
[Haggis/Mook 1993: 273]6
6 Phyllitic inclusions in the Tsivi South area never give pottery the densely packed effect visible on typical NP pottery from other Mirabello regions, but mostly look like variations of Type 2.
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GLOSSARY
-
Aloni Threshing floor, usually Ø 6-7 m (so that 1-2 cows/donkeys vel sim. can walk in a circle), surrounded by a single row of mostly upright stones.
-
Avlakas Built open water channel (aquaeduct), often over distances of several kilometers. Exists in Crete since Roman times, but many were built in the early 20th century.
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Chani Provisioning station/inn for passers-by, often on long-distance roads (Like Lassithi Plain-Iraklion, Iraklion- East Crete).
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Cheimaros Winter torrent.
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Dakos Cretan twice baked barley-bread (nowadays mostly a barley-wheat mix) containing parts of the barley bran.
-
Doulapa Built-in cupboard, often small (0,5 x 0,5 m) in size.
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Gourna Trough, made from wood (e.g. hollowed tree trunk) or stone.
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Kalderimi Cobbled road, 3-4 m broad at best, often leading long distances overland, not passable by wheeled vehicles (containing steps and sharp bends).
-
Koumos Small built (often tholos-like) hole (usually up to ½ cubic meter) with easily closable (e.g. by one slab) opening on top. To keep one or two sheep for a while.7
-Kavousi Water hole or seep, often spring in winter and drying up in summer.
-Langada Narrow valley or enclosed basin (doline).
-Mandra Sheepfold or walled/fenced (small) enclosure. The word may mean the wall/ fence or the enclosed space.
-Metochi Hamlet or small holding outside of settlements, originally belonging to a landowner elsewhere.
-Mitato Shepherds’ hut, usually not large enough for a family to live. The word may mean one or several buildings functionally connected to one shepherd’s space (e.g. including a stable or cheese storage hut).
-Perivolos Enclosure. Either an enclosed by a wall space or the wall itself. In cases where it isn’t clear which of these two is intended, either “perivolos wall” or “perivolos area” is used here.
-Pezoula Ledge or small flat space on a slope.
-Stegi Shelter, staying place (often built up).
-Thromili Cretan word for stone or wooden object sitting on the ground with a depression in the surface to put the tip of the spindle while working.
-Trafos Cretan word for drystone wall (or terrace wall).
-Xoklisi Small church outside of settlements. Not regularly functioning but occasionally (or only on the resident saint’s name day).
7 Also with the meaning hen coop, “κούμος: ορνιθώνας“ for eastern Crete, cf. Arakadaki 2006: 44, n.137.
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APPENDIX A - VARIOUS MAPS page 347
General View
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APPENDIX A - VARIOUS MAPS page 349
Study area from the East as seen in Google Earth
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APPENDIX A - VARIOUS MAPS page 350
Panoramic view of the Pateragiorgis area Minoan sites
{orange formerly known sites, yellow newly discovered sites)
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Appendix A - Maps page 351
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10
J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10
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Appendix A - Maps page 352
Legend
max Elevation
min Elevation
Every cell-grid represents
one 741 x 1860 m rectangle
Top is always North
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A1
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A2
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A3
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A4
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A5
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A6
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A7
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A8
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A9
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A10
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B1
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B2
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B3
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B4
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B5
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B6
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B7
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B8
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B9
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B10
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C1
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C2
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C3
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C4
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C5
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C6
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C7
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C8
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C9
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C10
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D1
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D2
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D3
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D4
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D6
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D7
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D9
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E1
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E6
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G1
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G2
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G3
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G4
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G5
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G6
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G7
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G8
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G9
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G10
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H1
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H2
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H3
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H7
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H10
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I1
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I2
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I3
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I4
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I5
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I6
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I7
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I8
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I9
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J1
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J2
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J3
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J4
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J5
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J6
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J7
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J8
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J9
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Appendix B: Dwelling site drawings page 453
APPENDIX B: Dwelling site drawings The drawings (apart from the sketch Site 18) were made with the help of a large number of trigonometrically determined points each (corners, other important spots, cf. below Site 169 for details).
Figure 1: Site 18 Achladies - top right Evans’ “watchtower”, sketch
drawing with general position of wallings at site.
Figure 2: Evans’ “Katsouli Chisterne – more commonly Plativolo” (the name should be Achladies,
cf. App. G) 1896. Drawing in Brown 2001: 311. Top left corner says “Plativolo” and “Avdeliakos”
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Figure 3: Site 53 (Pateragiorgis) dwelling ruin with Inner Perivolos walls
(blue, possible milking pen red).
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Figure 4: Site 128 (Stis Tourkisses, Kroustas Forest) dwelling ruin with Inner and Outer
Perivolos (where close to ruin) walls. Largest blocks at ruins drawn stone-by-stone.
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Figure 5: Site 160 – ruin and surrounding visible walls (with letters at measuring points).
Scale 45 m.
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Figure 6: Site 171 dwelling ruin and Inner Perivolos walls.
Outer Perivolos (to right) connects to Site 170.
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Figure 7: Site 184 with Inner Perivolos – stone-by-stone drawing,
dwelling ruin bottom left, scale top left (at tree).
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Figure 8: Site 189, dwelling ruin, Round Structures and Inner Perivolos walls (top
left possible milking pen). Scale 30 m (other numbers measuring points).
Thanks to my children for spending hours walking to and fro between trigonometrical
points, wielding a 20 m measuring tape over rocks and through thornbushes!
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page 461
APPENDIX C: Dwelling Ruin Shapes
The drawings are approximations (of well preserved ruins only) – due to the overgrown (and
remote for modern circumstances) condition/position of most ruins and the lack of sophisticated topographical devices (like a total station vel sim.). Many of the “nearly” rectangular ruins are drawn rectangular here, as no detailed measures of angles were conducted (for the few detailed trigonometrical drawings of sites done in detail see App. B), see below Figure 1 and 2 for an example. Also what is given as “meters” here is usually an approximation (often rather measurable by steps only, due to unfavourable conditions). As due to unworked masonry (and the often eroded state of exact wall positions), details don’t seem to be overly important, a more exact measuring (after wall cleaning and with appropriate instruments) remains to be done in the future.
Figure 1: Site 171 ruin. Left: non-trigonometric drawing – right: trigonometric
drawing with actual angles (for detailed trigonometric site drawing cf. App. B).
Figure 2: Actual conditions at Site 171 (fr E, dwelling ruin under tree
right) – walking distance from next field road ca. 40 min.
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Figure 3: Dwelling ruins 1-29, arrows North, measures in “meters”, site numbers in circles.
Figure 4: Dwelling ruins 30 – 53.
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Figure 5: Dwelling ruins 55C – 87.
Figure 6: Dwelling ruins 88 – 107.
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Figure 7: Dwelling ruins at Site 100 – 100B.
Figure 8: Dwelling ruins 108-108B (group top left) – 124.
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Figure 9: Dwelling ruins 129 – 169.
Figure 10: Dwelling ruins 170 – 181.
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Figure 11: Dwelling ruins 183 – 209.
Figure 12: Dwelling ruins 211 – KA11.
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Figure 13: Dwelling ruins KA11B – KA20 (with KR1-KR1B centre left).
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 469
Site 001 Region Astividopo Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D1 Height (above sea level) 1062
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Ruin well preserved on all sides (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 108sqm: 9x12 Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row, double faced and double row double faced combined (eroded).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts to S+E may not belong here (1C, 94?). If it had one, the N and E parts are missing/eroded (originally on edge of gorge?) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type ?3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim At least two walled areas next to ruin. Court/mandra SE: 160 sqm, partly walled area W+SW: ca. 200 sqm Roads A road (#3) zig-zagging up from through road (#2) 100 m to S
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section. Pithos/pithoid jar rounded rim Type 2. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Black and white slab of very rough (weathered or unworked surface?) breccia, round with sharpened to cutting edge circumference - unfinished?
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Immediately E of slightly higher rocky knoll, area generally protected by high peak of Tsivi from NW winds Access Probably from main road (#1, kalderimi) 100 m SE (road #3 connecting?). View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 001B: 320 m SW 41: 280 m NE Closest recent building Recent Mitato 130 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Modern well at valley N of 001B Vegetation Forest kermes oak, mountain acorn. Fields Platoma to W, terraced hillside to S.
Comments Shown to me by Manolis Keroulis, one of the shepherds in the area. Snow each winter.
Bibliography
For explanations see Preamble
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 470
Site 001B Region Astividopo Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D1 Height (above sea level) 1065
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic NE-, N-W, and some inner walls well preserved (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 99sqm+: 9x11 (+possibly a small building to S 3x3,5) Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined 1? Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly single row double faced. Well shaped blocks, best side NE facade, krepidoma below NE wall.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts (ca. 61.000 sqm) plus a whole p. seemingly without site to E (ca. 69.000 sqm, L: 1,2) Perivolos length (km) 0,9 + 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1: mandra W: 230 sqm, 2: garden N: 120 sqm, other small enclosed areas around ruin Roads Site is situated in a saddle at the closest near-meeting point of two main routes to Katharo (from Tapes and Kritsa). S and SW of the site a parallel version of ancient road (#2) runs next to the recent kalderimi.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripods flat oval to oval section, one with 3 grooves/cuts; storage, little fineware. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone; strongly weathered black/white stone (serpentine?), cobble in lentil form,Ø ca. 8cm, traces of working on edge.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Saddle (NW-SE). Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) SW of small ridge in a slight depression, protected from all sides Access Kritsa-Katharo road (#1) 100 m SE,Tapes-Katharo road (#2), 20 m NW. View-Visibility closeby Fields, road(s) (#2) Closest neighbouring known sites 001 D: 230 m N; 001: 320 m NE, 41-650 m NE Closest recent building Modern mitato 70 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Modern well at valley N of 001B Vegetation Forest kermes oak, mountain acorn. Fields Nice flat doline valley with very good soil ca. 100 m N (in use) and terraces above (in use till recently). Good fields also around site.
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Comments Parts of the ruin area covered in vegetation/soil, there might be several dwelling ruins. A perivolos seemingly without ruin to E - Snow each winter.
Bibliography The ruin has been known to the KD Eforia for years.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 472
Site 001C Region Astividopo Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D1 Height (above sea level) 1024
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca 36 sqm 6x6 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Very eroded blocks, NE wall and E corner (outer face) preserved, other walls only traces.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 69.800 Perivolos length (km) 1,25 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Connection road (#3) 50 m from S (kalderimi). S of the site: an old track of road (#2) next to the kalderimi
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Extremely sparse (1 small cooking handle) - eroded. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 One big piece with plant impressions Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x On SE looking slope, protected from NW winds. Access From S, connected to through road (#1) Kritsa-Katharo by road ending at site (#3) View-Visibility Fields, road (#2) below E Closest neighbouring known sites 1B: 200 m NW, 94: 220 m NE Closest recent building Recent mitato 360 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Vegetation Forest kermes oak, mountain acorn. Fields Few terraces, mainly small fertile valley below SE
Comments A perivolos seemingly without ruin to S - Very little pottery
Bibliography
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Site 001D Region Astividopo Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D1 Height (above sea level) 1048
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Few big stones in a possible line Ruin Size ca ? One long wall in terrace wall, a possible short wall at right angles (ruin?) Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few blocks in a row, a possible corner, unclear which is dwelling and which outer structures.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ? Seems to be in same P. with 1 B (ca. 61.000 sqm), W part on steep slope eroded (possibly preserved as slight elevation/ridge on slope) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads On main route (road #2) from Tapes to Katharo.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Sparse, cooking and storage Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 on western low slope above a fertile colluvial doline. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Low on E looking slope of doline surrounded by higher slopes. Access Tapes-Katharo road (#2), ca. 20 m W. View-Visibility Fields, road (#2). Closest neighbouring known sites 001B: 230 m S; 001: 380 m E Closest recent building Recent mitato 100 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Modern well at valley N of 001B - S of site Vegetation Forest kermes oak, mountain acorn; (wild) pears, almonds in colluvial fields (still cultivated). Fields Very fertile doline just below site (still cultivated).
Comments Seemingly in the same perivolos with 1B, but the still cultivated doline right below site might have destroyed the separating part. Snow each winter.
Bibliography
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Site 002 Region Katsouli Sterna Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C3 Height (above sea level) 881
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Traces Ruin Size ca ?121sqm ca. 11x11 only two walls visible, one certainly missing (bulldozer) Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few big blocks in NE and SE walls (outer face recognizable, inner uncertain), some of which bedrock. E corner mostly rubble on bedrock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area The region has lots of Medieval/Ottoman mandra and field walls. None look clearly oncolithic at the base. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads All roads in this area must have been intensely used in Medieval and later times (condition too good for the strong erosion of the area) possible connections to sites N of gorge.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small pieces, might be Late Prepalatial. (At 40 m NE some Venetian sgraffito near mitato ruin.) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Steatite (unworked, small fragments - discarded material), dark pieces, and chert (few fragments)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B at N edge of small NE-facing plateau, 25 m from the edge of a steep, N-NE facing downhill slope. Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Ancient? Through road (#2) passing S above (100m) slope eroded, no connecting path visible. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas peak, road (#2), 70B, mountainside-sites in N and NW Closest neighbouring known sites 005: 290 m NW, 018: 520 m S Closest recent building Recent (and Venetian) mitato 30 m E
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ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well 002K at 50 m S. Water all year. The name-giving cistern(s): The upper one looks recent, the position of the lower one is mostly destroyed by bulldozing and water running during winter from several spots - erosion. Vegetation Gorge to N with kermes oak and cypress, terraced slope N has almonds, close to site recently abandoned fields (phrygana).
Fields Nice slightly sloped area S of site, terraced steep slope in N. Intensely (re-)used and walled in Medieval times and recently.
Comments Late Prepalatial? One of few sites with Venetian presence close, water enough for all year settling
Bibliography Evans 1894 mentions Katsouli Sterna (Kittens Cistern), but his drawing shows Achladies (Site 18). Mistake corrected by Pendlebury (1939).
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Site 003 Region Ochria Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C1 Height (above sea level) 1030
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. of 2 walls Ruin Size ca ? One wall ca. 8m Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few big blocks level with ground, double-faced double row. Unclear if this was building, but close to scatter.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Under many recent/Ottoman walls none looks ancient. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads On main route (road #2) from Tapes to Katharo, also connection to site 4 and 8 and possibly arable slopes above by road (#2, ancient?) to N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few pieces, might be Late Prepalatial. Tripod flat oval section, handmade base of juglet. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Broken part (more than half, both thin ends of lengthy oval missing) of pebble hand tool (polisher?) 50 m S of possible ruin (same kind of pebble as at KA 02), traces of pecking on preserved thin side; flat, roughly round but rough-edged whetstone, one clearly worked surface.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Saddle side (N-S) Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x In valley and close to Tsivi slopes protecting from NW winds
Access Through road (here seemingly #2) passing next to site. In use.
View-Visibility Fields, road (#2), possibly site 004 without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 004: 280 m NE, 019: 350 m E Closest recent building Recent mitato ruin 100 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Modern cistern 60 m NE, turns into a spring in winter, water until September Vegetation Cypress forest (w some kermes oak, wild pears and mountain acorn).
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Fields Surrounding slightly sloped area, some ancient looking terracing, mostly modern
Comments Very eroded region, visibility bad also because of intense recent use. Water enough for all year settlement, has snow each winter
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Site 004 Region Ochria Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C1 Height (above sea level) 1044
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 92sqm: (7x2+13x6) Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Lower levels big oncolithic, some rubble used, main walls double row, double faced (hardly visible, eroded). Large block: 1 x 0,5 x 1m.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Traces. The mountainside here is very steep and eroded, the ruin on the edge of the settled area. Some walls (terraces?) look at least partly ancient. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Traces of square court (6x13 m N at ruin along whole N side, less massive wall). Roads Road (#2) from Tapes to Katharo below S, also connection road (#2) to site 8 to NE
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Many tripod legs flat oval to oval section, storage, handmade jug- base. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x On S slope of Tsivi, protected from NW winds by main mountain slope Access Road (#2) passing 25 m below. View-Visibility Fields, possibly Thylakas without trees, Mirabello in E, might see road (#2) from 1st floor. Site 3 without trees? Closest neighbouring known sites 003: 280 m SW, 007B: 270 m NE Closest recent building Mitato ruin 230 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Modern cistern 200 m S, turns into a spring in winter, water until September. Vegetation Rather eroded rocky slopes with mostly dense cypress/kermes oak forest. Fields Terraced steep slope looking SE
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Comments The area Mesorrachi 800 m NW above (1200masl) has Ottoman mitato ruins, no visible ancient pottery or perivoloi, not walked in detail.
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Site 005 Region Paterakis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 808
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 141 sqm (possibly +64): (13x7,5+9x1,5 +8x5 - possibly+8x8) Ruin max. standing Level/covered with rubble Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Some large oncolithic blocks, bigger on the outside of double row, double faced walls. Several walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Unclear, slopes eroding. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various pieces of walling preserved in the area of the ruin, but all level parts heavily re-used for agriculture recently. Roads Road (#2) coming up from S side of gorge has oncolithic borders in parts
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Many tripod legs flat oval and oval section, some with grooves. Storage: pithos body with two parallel rope bands, handmade cup base, rounded rims (squarish scuttle (?) handle). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Well protected on S slope of Mt. Tsivi Access Road (#2) passing 50 m to E, small connecting road (#3) over sustaining wall. View-Visibility Fields, peak of Thylakas (visible from small cliff just E), possibly road (#2) from 1st floor. Closest neighbouring known sites 006: 130 m N, 002: 270 m SE Closest recent building Mitato ruin at site 006: 130 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Small spring below in winter, site 6 springs at 150 m N Vegetation Cypress forest (w some kermes oak, wild pear and mountain acorn). In formerly cultivated patches almonds. Fields Terraced slope looking SE with very good soil, walled (some bases look ancient) W of site.
Comments Exceptionally good fields for this region.
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Site 006 Region Paterakis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 830
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Possibly under mitato ruin, especially lowest visible layer might be old in parts. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few larger blocks in/under mitato ruin (re-used from elsewhere?) above scatter.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Possibly parts at border to site 5 (intense area re-use, erosion) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Crossing of several roads (#2) from E-W and N-S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Fragments of worked chert refuse (red, grey, green); flat oval limestone hand tool type 1 (or 10) with two percussion scars on two opposite sides (balanced weight?)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Well protected from NW winds on S slope of Mt. Tsivi Access Road (#2) passing, a crossing within 50m. View-Visibility Fields, road (#2), Thylakas peak, area of site 2. Closest neighbouring known sites 5: 130 m S; 7C: 370 m W, 7D: 170 m E Closest recent building Mitato on top of ruin
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kavousi close, spring until summer (said to have been year round in early 20th cent.) Vegetation Cypress forest (w some kermes oak and mountain acorn) Almonds on recently cultivated parts. One huge oak visible from afar Fields Surrounding area slightly sloping, well terraced recently, used f cereal growing (aloni).
Comments Area very intensively used during recent past. In 1900 an inscription (dedicated to “Kyfarissitas”) was found near here.
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Bibliography For possible balance weight cf.similar object (balance weight) in Michailidou 2006: 245. For “Kyfarissitas”, see Demargne (1900): 241 ff; Dragoumis (1900); Xanthoudidis (1903); Voutiras (1984); Bile (1988): 141; misunderstood as sanctuary in Chaniotis (1988):22. Chaniotis (1999): 184 mentions cypress-wood exports from Crete in Hellenistic times.
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Site 007 B Region Stegi Pezoula Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 975
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces among eroded/eroding terraces Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few oncolithic blocks used/visible, mostly eroded rubble, bedrock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ? Uncertain parts (intense later re-use of area, erosion), all downslope (sustaining walls?). Perivolos length (km) 0,3 Perivolos preservation type ?3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads On main road (here #2) from Tapes to Katharo; S of ruin a smaller road (mostly #3 now, might have been #2) leads downhill to area of sites 6 and 7.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval section, some fine- and storage ware (dense scatter below road (#2), few pieces down to 80 m below site at cliff edge) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Well protected from NW winds on S slope of Mt. Tsivi Access On through road (here #2). View-Visibility Fields, road (#2), Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 7C: 180 m, 8: 250 m Closest recent building Mitato ruin 80 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 150 m to N Vegetation At fringe of densest part of cypress forest. Fields Slightly sloped ledge with big amounts of colluvial soil to S - intensely re-used.
Comments Probably site area with the most intense re-use over historical periods (Some Byzantine pottery seen S of ruin)
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Bibliography Although today the toponym “Paterakis” lies 350 m further SE, the existence of Byzantine pottery close by suggests that the inscription of Hermes Kyfarissitas (see bibliography Site 6) might have come from here somewhere originally (ca.350 m upslope from Site 6).
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Site 007 C Region Paterakis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 910
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, among eroded terraces (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca. 80sqm: (9x5+7x5) Ruin max. standing 1 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon ? simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few oncolithic stones used/visible, mostly rubble. Ruin integrated into recent terracing. Extremely eroded.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area - Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2-3) to other 7-sites passing, connecting road (#2) SE to NW at 40 m S of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, carinated bowl, fineware. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 thick fragment of red+green chert raw material, worked on several sides.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x On Tsivi S slope, directly SE of steep slope, thus protected well from NW winds. Access Road (#2-3) passing to next site, probably ending there. View-Visibility Fields, road (#3), Thylakas (without trees, probably also several sites below/on opposite slope) Closest neighbouring known sites 7B: 180 m N, 7D 120 m NE Closest recent building Mitato ruin 120 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Springs at Asphendamous above (400 m) and Site 6 below (270 m). Vegetation At fringe of densest part of cypress forest, on small ledge between steep slope above and below. Site area re-terraced (some traces look ancient) recently (bee-keeping). Fields Terraced rather steep slope looking SE
Comments Ruin very eroded, only parts visible, pottery scatter goes far downhill (thin).
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Site 007 D I+II Region Paterakis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 884
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, two distinct ruins (see ruin shape drawings) Ruin Size ca 104+66 sqm: (8x13)+ (9x6+3x4) Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined 1 Masonry (type where preserved) Some very big blocks, rubble used, combination of single- and double row double-faced wall. 2nd ruin: Some stones possibly moved by later re-use as coal-burning site)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area - Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim An oncolithic retaining wall 50 m to NE (at 7E scatter) possibly belonged here and was re-used in LM III? Roads Road’s (#2-3) probable end.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legwith 3 sharp incisions on 3 sides, rather round section (LM III from 7E ?), storage; 2nd ruin carinated jug, 2 different sherds of incised „bee-hive“. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) - TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x On Tsivi S slope, directly SE of a steep cliff Access Difficult, thin road (#2-3) from 007C, probably ending here. View-Visibility Thylakas without trees (probably other sites, too). Closest neighbouring known sites 7 C: 120 m SW, 6: 170 m E Closest recent building Mitato ruins 170 m NW and E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Small spring at Site 6 (170 m, but slope between very steep, so actual approach much longer). Vegetation Dense cypress forest. Difficult, steep+rocky slope above (cliff ) and below. Fields Hardly enough room on the thin ledge the site occupies, but there very good soil.
Comments No fields can be attributed, two different bee-hive sherds: bee- keeper’s site? Cf. Probably recent square bee-enclosure 25 m NE (re- using some oncolithic stones)
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Site 007 E Region Paterakis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 888
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind None visible. PP (from 7D?) and LM III scatter, unclear if structures could have been ruin: One oncolithic wall seems to be a retaining wall, ca.25 m long, possibly traces of ruin under recent bee enclosure? Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area - Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Possibly from 7D? If yes must have been thin (#3).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Mainly LM III: kylix parts + vertically standing tripod leg with round section (hard variety of a fabric like Type 2), some tiny PP sherds. Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Highly defensible - (cliffs downhill and uphill, approachable only from W on thin path). Position to wind (x= well protected) x Directly below to S of steep cliff - total protection from NW winds. Access Possible would have been only a small road (#3?) from 7D (not visible) and necessarily ending here (cliff ). View-Visibility # Closest neighbouring known sites At 40 m from 7D+F, but different period Closest recent building Recent mitato at Site 6 170 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Small spring at Site 6 (160 m, but slope between very steep, so actual approach much longer). Vegetation Dense cypress forest. Difficult, steep+rocky slope above (cliff ) and below, no fields possible. Fields no
Comments Mysterious small LM III scatter without visible ruin traces. Grave site?
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Bibliography For sites with PP and LM III pottery on an impossibly small ledge near a cliff see Nowicki 2008. For the shape of tripod-legs over time see Barnard 2001, Betancourt 1980.
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Site 007 F Region Paterakis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 872
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind Possibly a few oncolithic stones just visible at the edge of a scree just above a dense scatter. Ruin Size ca Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Ruin might be mainly buried in scree just above the scatter to W that has a few oncolithic blocks at its base. Space at scatter used as coal burning site, lots of pottery but no visible architectural traces next to a house-high rock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area - Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads ?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg round-oval section, big jar sherdwith traces of black paint, wheel-made cup base, wiped cup-base, many cup-sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Coal burning site (thus difficult to tell) Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Close to a house high rock (to S) and steep upreaching slope (N), thus totally protected from winds Access ? View-Visibility ? trees too dense Closest neighbouring known sites 7D: 60 m SW, 6:130 m E Closest recent building Recent mitato at Site 6 130 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring at site 6 (130 m) Vegetation Dense cypress forest on difficult, steep and rocky slope above (cliff ) and below. Fields ?
Comments Area looks uninhabitable.
Bibliography See Site 7E
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Site 008 Region Stous Asfendamous Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 982
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, well preserved whole ruin (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 84sqm: (8x10+2x2 NE extension) Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Nearly square with one small extension Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) All big blocks, single row and partly double faced.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts - masked by intense re-use Perivolos length (km) 0,3 Perivolos preservation type ?3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Two roads possible: Below (access at 100m: Tapes-Katharo, here # 1-2); at site uphill road (#2) later passing Site 004.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Seen only at 3rd visit - tiny pieces (site slope extremely eroded). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x On Tsivi S slope protected to W,N,E Access Road (#2) passing, through road (here 1-2) at 100 m to E. View-Visibility Fields, road (#2), Thylakas, Mirabello at Kavousi, some Pateragiorgis sites in the distance. Closest neighbouring known sites 007B: 250 m S, 009: 400 m NE Closest recent building Mitato ruin 50 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Big spring 100 m SW below, small springs elsewhere close Vegetation Oldest standing part of Cypress forest, many mountain acorn (name!) and some kermes-oak. On terraces almonds. Locals report the area as former vineyard, one ancient vine seen at small spring Fields Modern (19th cent.) re-terraced nice slopes in spring area
Comments There is a rock-cut patititri (recent looking) at 50 m above. (Note: same name as Sites 99, but different position!).
Bibliography
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Site 009 Region Achlada Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 960
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Few larger stones, traces of walls in re-worked terrace Ruin Size ca Walls might be terracing, not ruin Ruin max. standing ? 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Walls might be terraces or enclosure, no clear ruin discernable at scatter.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Part NE of site (near 009B) at the edge of the gorge. Perivolos length (km) 0,25 Perivolos preservation type ?3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads On main road (here #2) Tapes-Katharo.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Could be Late Prepalatial: tripod legs extremely flat to oval section with indented ridge. At 9B (chert production site) small scatter Minoan cooking fabrics Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 half oval to almond shaped steatite bead (?) violet-brown, 1,5x1cm, no drilling.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Slope to N and high rock at spring (50mNE) protects the site in an otherwise windy area. Access Road (here 1-2) passing and well visible to both sides. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas, Pateragiorgis sites Closest neighbouring known sites 008: 400 m SW Closest recent building Mitato ruin 130 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 50 m E all year Vegetation Phrygana, kermes oak, mountain acorn. Fields Recently re-terraced nice slopes in spring area
Comments One of the typical “early” sites of the area, more based on kind of lithic finds, lack of oncolithic architecture, lack of perivolos than on pottery coarse ware differences. Typical also: close to water.
Bibliography
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Site 009 B Region Achlada Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map B3 Height (above sea level) 925
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind No ruin visible. Small scatter, large area with worked chert breaking from the slope - not habitation but tool-producing site? Ruin Size ca - Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) None of the built walls in the area look like habitation structures. Ancient?
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Traces at gorge edge (attribution unclear). Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (here 1-2) from Voina/Tapes to Katharo passing.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small pieces, Minoan fabric Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Slope with green+ brown chert, worked near road; two half worked flat purple-brown steatite fragments (for beads?); probably tool quarry/working place.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (here 1-2) passing, cliff edge over which road comes up at 40 m to N. View-Visibility Slope partly visible from Site 009. Closest neighbouring known sites 009: 280 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 130 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring at site 009 (280 m SW) Vegetation Phrygana, kermes oak, mountain acorn. Soil underground phyllite, grey, containing chert . Fields Terraced slope, below larger flat area.
Comments Unusual geologically, producing chert similar to the pieces seen at EM/MM sites of the area. If it was a quarry it looks exhausted.
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Site 010 Region Voina “Kato Spitia” Map Tsivi 9633 2 Main Map B3 Height (above sea level) 840
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts under mandra wall/below mitato, possibly wall parts on NE edge of “tell” Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Oncolithic (fallen?) blocks, possibly part of a corner under mitato ruin (at aloni). Strong erosion and re-use of the site area, forming it to a kind of tell.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ? Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various walls in the vicinity look BA, but too intensely re-used. Roads Main road (here recently bulldozed, original size probably like further S: 1-2) Tapes-Katharo passing 100 m below, crossing towards Pervolia-Pano Kastellos-Lassithi passing close by.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, 1 with three rough grooves. Some Venetian looking sherds at mitato ruin 170 m SW above Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone (probably, seen half buried in situ)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - NE facing on NE side of small plateau/flat ledge part of larger slope (E-W). Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Even though it sits on a small outcrop, the slope to W and N is so close it is protected. Access Main road (here recently bulldozed, original size probably like further S: 1-2) passing 100 m below and visible, #2 road passing close by fully visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas, Mirabello+ Pateragiorgis sites Closest neighbouring known sites 10D: 140 m N, 10B: 200 m N Closest recent building Mitato recently ruined on top of site.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 150 m to SW below Vegetation Phrygana, prickly pear, kermes oak, mountain acorn. Area has almonds and wild pear often grafted. Fields Whole area terraced slopes, those with less incline have good soil.
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Site 010 B Region Voina Monochárakos Map Tsivi 9633 2 Main Map B3 Height (above sea level) 868
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic wall parts on rocky edge (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 64 sqm 8x8 Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Some oncolithic outer face stones preserved. Probably originally had a second inner face with smaller stones.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area (ca 34.000 sqm) but W side nearly totally eroded - might have been larger. Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Unusual offsite large oncolithic rectangular structure (ca. 70x30 m) 50 m NW of dwelling, has a small scatter of Minoan pottery, too. Roads On Voina-Pano Kastellos-Lassithi road connection (#2)
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Little pottery at ruin, strong erosion. Pottery in rectangular structure similar. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position E facing near highest point of a slight plateau/ledge (E-W) with cliff edge to E (close to site). Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x On cliff edge, but protected by Tsivi slope to W+N. Access #2 road passing close by. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas peak, Pateragiorgis W. Closest neighbouring known sites 10D: 80 m SW, 10: 200 m S Closest recent building Undatable mitato (?), now ruin, built on part of Minoan ruin, most recent mitato 200 m S at 10.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Several springs and wells in wider area. Vegetation Phrygana, prickly pear, kermes oak, mountain acorn. Area has almonds and wild pear often grafted. Fields Eroded, traces of (recent re-) terracing still visible, especially in snow.
Comments The rock 50 m N of the ruin has also several Minoan looking structures around it, e.g. a very obvious piece of oncolithic wall holding only 2 m of soil, thus probably not just a retainment construction - ritual function?
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Site 010 C Region Voina Ta Glímata Map Tsivi 9633 2 Main Map A3 Height (above sea level) 854
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Below mitato ruin - unclear. Ruin Size ca Guess ca. 80 sqm Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few larger stones and burnt earth (mud brick?) in big chunks eroding from slope below mitato ruin.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area - Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) towards Pervolia-Pano Kastellos-Lassithi passing 120 m above.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section - Late Prepalatial?. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 Big chunks in situ Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x On Tsivi S slope, protected from N+W winds. Access ? possibly small road (#3) from SW ending here. View-Visibility Fields, Patergiorgis W, not Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 10B: 360 m SW Closest recent building Mitato on top of ruin
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well NE close to site Vegetation Phrygana, eroded, close to site some colluvial fields (naturally probably kermes oak forest). Area has almonds and wild pear often grafted Fields Whole area terraced slopes
Comments No perivolos seems to have existed and judging from the early “feel” of the few pieces of pottery visible, this site might be Late Prepalatial only. This is entered as an example for other such hardly visible any more in the landscape sites existing in the region.
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Site 010 D Region Voina Monochárakos Map Tsivi 9633 2 Main Map B3 Height (above sea level) 848
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic wall parts including bedrock, general shape recognizable (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca ca.140 sqm (13x12, rocky part unclear, ca 12-18 sqm) Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 L shape including bedrock. Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined - Masonry (type where preserved) Some bigger blocks in outer faces and corners, mostly rubble. Eroded but shape well recognizable.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Uncertain if this was an enclosure, not walked, very eroded+visible from afar only as slight ridge, (ca 11.000). Perivolos length (km) (0,45) Perivolos preservation type ? Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Parts of possible winding approach road (#2-3) stopping at site, visible above site near cliff edge.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage. Fabric looks early. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Part of flat quern or big whetstone
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x On Tsivi S slope, protected from N+W winds. Access Connected from above with 70 m poss. thin road (#3) to road (#2) Voina-Pano Kastellos. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Pateragiorgis W, Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 10B: 80 m N, 10: 150 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 150 m SW at Site 10
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Several springs and wells in area Vegetation Phrygana, (naturally probably kermes oak forest) steep, eroded slope, area has almonds and wild pear often grafted Fields Unclear - intense re-use and erosion. Terrace-traces on steep slope to E, probably recent.
Comments Very close to 10B, possible field ownership in area (terraces) unclear. Late Prepalatial?
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Site 012 Region Kameni Apidia Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C3 Height (above sea level) 750
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Recently re-used as/integrated into terrace-walls. Ruin Size ca ? Big, over 100 sqm Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 1-2(!)courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few large blocks, walls probably in part reconstructed as terrace walls.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area Unclear, intensely re-used area, erosion, but many of the surrounding walls might in part have been ancient Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Two roads close: N road (#2) connecting sites, parallel with/below Tapes-Katharo road; S road (#2) passing gorge to S and Pateragiorgis sites.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, two with grooves (3-deep, 2-rough), pithos rim with light plastic rope decoration of finger- impressed band, handmade cups. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Part of a black steatite bead (Ø 1cm, 2mm thick, drilling 2mm); fragments of debris/raw material steatite; chert debris and one blade, quartz worked fragments, quartz pebbles (raw material?). One tiny fragment of obsidian blade. Hand tool hemispherical, sandstone, one flat abraded face, type 2 (Ø 8cm). Fragment of purplish sandstone quern or rubbing surface, irregular.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - Ridge: on the upper part of an amphitheatral W-E langada, at ridge, just below top, close to the Katharo Tsivi main slope. Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Perfectly protected from all winds. Access Probably from NW from #2 road (ca.70m), well visible from site. View-Visibility Fields, 14, from ridgetop slightly above great view to E and Mirabello. Closest neighbouring known sites 14: 330 m NE, 006: 450 m W Closest recent building Ruined metochi at Kameni Apidia saddle 100 m W
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ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well at 130 m NE yielded a tripod leg, Minoan cup pieces etc. in cleaning earth. Vegetation Cypress, kermes oak, prickly pear (often grafted: name Kameni Apidia: Burnt (half-)wild pear!). Fields Nice terraces on slope area below and opposite, reused by close-by metochi until recently.
Comments One of the choicest, best protected by landscape and provided with water sources in the whole area.
Bibliography Light plastic rope decoration (here pithos) of finger-impressed band typical for Early Protopalatial period, cf. Van de Moortel 2006: 146.
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Site 014 Region East Kalogerogiannis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C3 Height (above sea level) 725
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 36sqm: 6x6 Ruin max. standing 1 m 2 courses-(possibly 2m? covered in some rubble) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Partly double row, double faced, other parts double row with rubble facing inside (lots of rubble on surface, more inside ruin).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ? uncertain (intense later re-use of area). Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type - Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Next to ruin a well preserved near square “court” of 10x12 m, recently re-used as field, with steatite and chert debris at ruin wall. Roads Central Tsivi slope road (#2) coming from Voina (10 sites) in E and going towards 12 and further W.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripods flat oval (1w ridge) + oval (several with 1 groove) section, wiped wares, spout of painted rhyton. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Steatite debris (in court), chert, blades, flakes, debris, some raw material chunks (green+brown), quartz chipped; limestone handtool type 1 half spherical (Ø 5 cm) rubber.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by steep slope of Tsivi to N+NW. Access Road (#2) passing close to site, partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 91: 290 m NE, 12: 320 m SW Closest recent building Bambakia metochi 100 m NE, Kalogerogiannis Mitato 160 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) 200 m below SW at well Kalogerogiannis Vegetation Phrygana on recent fields to W+N, cliff into cypress-forested gorge to E+S Fields Amphitheatrical terraces above, probably mainly rebuilt recently as area has strong erosion, but some fieldwalls have large stones in low courses.
Comments Very variable, large amounts of pottery. Lithic finds and close-by EM sites (Bambakia) suggest an early beginning.
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Site 016 Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 825
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (overgrown) Ruin Size ca 71sqm: (7x9+2x4) Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced with some rubble fill, block surface extremely eroded. Whole ruin still well recognizable.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 72.400 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads ? (Closest known 160 m E)
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tiny pieces (4 alltogether), 1 base of straightsided cup, medium fine. (Surface eroded, a steep ravine beginning shortly below site). Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Just behind to S of rocky ridge protecting it from NW, N, NE. Access Unclear, possibly from S at central road (kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo), along runoff valley? View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 22B: 160 m SE Closest recent building Fieldhouse and mitato ruins 160 m SE at site 22 B
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Pateragiorgis well 800 m SE Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, phrygana between rocks. Fields Nearly invisible from elsewhere: Two very well (recently again) terraced runoff valleys (turning into ravine just below site).
Comments Nearly invisble ruin in bushy growth and eroded rocks (ruin block surface just as eroded).
Bibliography
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Site 017 B Region Ag. Ioannis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C4 Height (above sea level) 650
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind Arrangement of walls in the area looks ancient in some parts, if there was a ruin it must be under/integrated into medieval metochi. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area - Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#1-2) passing close, ancient?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Apart from a few tiny traces of possibly Minoan fabric, only medieval pieces are visible (the church had a metochi few walls of which are left in a dense growth) Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Steatite partly worked fragment (broken bead?), unworked/debris, little chipped chert (bladelets, flakes); 1 obsidian flake; sandstone grinder part type 2, small ovoid finde sandstone disk (5x6cm.1,2-1,3 cm thick, ) with one slightly concave rubbed surface.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Densest lithic debris scatter slightly NE and below of small N-S ridge/hilltop. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by slopes from all sides. Access Road (#1-2) passing close, ancient? View-Visibility Fields, few surrounding sites that are mainly EM Closest neighbouring known sites - Closest recent building In the middle of small metochi with church
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well near the church (ca. 50 m), other wells in the wider area Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, phrygana between rocks. All the surrounding region intensely cultivated until recently (terraces with almonds and pears, used to have cereals). Fields Terraced clayey slopes.
Comments Probably early stone working area only.
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Bibliography Cf. Site 9B - also early, also nearly exclusively stone debris.
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Site 017 C Region Ag. Ioannis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C5 Height (above sea level) 620
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Rubble wall traces below mitato ruin Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area The region has lots of Medieval/Ottoman mandra and field walls. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads ?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg very flat oval section, some early looking pieces. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Half worked bead, chert fragments (red, gray), 10 obsidian blades and flakes.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access ? View-Visibility Fields, few surrounding sites that are mainly EM Closest neighbouring known sites 17D: 350 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 20 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well ca. 50 m E Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, phrygana between rocks. All the surrounding region intensely cultivated until recently (terraces with almonds and pears, used to have cereals). Fields Terraced clayey slopes.
Comments One of the typical “early” sites of the area, more based on kind of lithic finds, lack of oncolithic architecture, lack of perivolos than on pottery coarse ware differences. Typical also: close to water.
Bibliography
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Site 017 D Region Ag. Ioannis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C4 Height (above sea level) 648
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Traces underneath mitato ruin. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area ? Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing (probably E-W, with a crossing to S). Ancient?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod flat oval section with ridge. Lamp rim copying stone lamps. Some early looking pieces. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 hand tool type 6, Amphibolite, pound marks around the edges (8x6x6cm, 455 gr).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B - NE facing on side of small plateau/flat ledge at NW inclined slope. Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing, well overlookable (probably E-W, with a crossing to S). Ancient? View-Visibility Fields, 17, 17 B, 17C?, 15 Closest neighbouring known sites 70B: 250 m SW Closest recent building Under recently left mitato
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Several wells in surroundings Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, phrygana between rocks. All the surrounding region intensely cultivated until recently (terraces with almonds and pears, used to have cereals). Fields Terraced clayey slopes.
Comments One of the typical “early” beginning sites of the area, more based on kind of lithic finds, lack of oncolithic architecture, lack of perivolos than on pottery coarse ware differences. Typical also: close to water. This is one of the few with some typical Palatial pottery traces as well.
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Bibliography For the MM II stone lamps cf. Ag Nik. M72/C14, Detournay&Poursat 1980: 59-60. With my special thanks to Poursat pers. comm.
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Site 018 I+II Region Achladies Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D3 Height (above sea level) 922
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, two distinct ruins, 20 m distance. (Main ruin see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 53+77 (8x6,5) + (9x8,5) Ruin max. standing 2m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 (both) Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly single faced (partly double faced), single row walls remaining, probably originally had a fallen inner rubble layer for the inner face, (2nd) cliff ruin built with different stones (surface harshly eroded), filled with rubble to upper level (recent?). Largest block in cliff edge ruin 2,5x1x0,6 m.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u (?) Perivolos area 105.800 Perivolos length (km) 1,3 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Surrounded by courts/mandres on three sides: E side 10,5x4 (42 sqm), rounded on S (milking mandra?); N side irregular, ca. 90 sqm (possibly +16 sqm, if what may have been a 4x4 room was a small court; W side 7,5x6 (45 sqm), rounded on S. There could have been another one between the two buildings (dist. 23 m). Sum at least 177 sqm. Roads Main road Kritsa-Katharo (#1) passing just below site. A path (#3), including steps (ancient?) comes up from there.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval section, one with groove. Another with round section and sharp cut groove:LM III. A handle Haggis/Mook Class III (buff, GD+white dense). One sherd with unusual amount of phyllite - LM I? Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible - but good view of Pateragiorgis area below to E. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Main road Kritsa-Katharo (#1) passing just below site, only close by part overlookable. View-Visibility Fields, Panoramic from Vigla (LM III?) Closest neighbouring known sites 71: 300 m SE Closest recent building Mitato ruin 50 m N, mandra 20 m E
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ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well ca. 50 m SE might be old, but said to have been dug two generations ago. Water used to be all year. Vegetation Naturally prinos, mountain maple, but intensely cultivated until recently. Compare Evans’ photo of the site and mine to see ca. 100 years of difference. Fields Terraced, adjusted to rocky surroundings. An enclosed colluvial field 170 m N of dwelling site may be ancient (oncolithic wall looks old in lower levels) and may have had a cistern in lowest spot (colluvium filled).
Comments Evans drawing of “Katsoulis Cistern” (he also translated wrongly “Kitten’s Cistern”) applies to this site. Correct name at Pendlebury.
Bibliography Evans and Myres(1895). (The whole text given in: Brown, 2001:202- 207), Pendlebury (1939).
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Site 019 Region Below Ochria Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C2 Height (above sea level) 940
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, polygonally adjusted to included rocky ledge, best preserved in N wall. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,7 m 1-2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only N wall partly preserved, probably double row, double faced with rubble filling, bedrock included.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area Parts, eroded (possible size 11.900) Perivolos length (km) (0,5) Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Unclear (but small vestibule vel sim visible between a length of wall and rock below ruin). Many of the surrounding terrace walls contain oncolithic blocks. Roads Probably from main road (here#2) Tapes-Katharo passing 40 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval section, storage. Scatter goes far downhill (150m). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Main road (here#2) Tapes-Katharo passing invisibly 40 m S and below E (visible). View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Pateragiorgis sites Closest neighbouring known sites 7C: 200 m N Closest recent building Mitato ruin 50 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Traces of old cistern (kavousi) 40 m N (water until April-May) Vegetation Cypress and prinos forest (some mountain maple and wild pears), almonds on cultivated fields. Fields Terraced slope looking SE with very good soil, walled (some bases look ancient) E of site.
Comments Recent fields in terracing have altered possible ancient structuring, but some large blocks in terrace walls may have remained when terracing was re-done.
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Site 020 Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 843
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. of one wall and corner - nearly covered by rubble from road construction 5 m above. Ruin Size ca ? one wall (+corner) ca.8m Ruin max. standing 0,8 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Some hard squarish big blocks preserved, mainly in one (E) corner. Probably mixed one and two row two faced masonry (with rubble mix?).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts downhill - slope above too eroded to see more. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads ? some traces suggest a small road (#3) from 77 to E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval +oval section, some storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Well protected by raised rocky surroundings from most winds. Access Possibly from the road passing 77 in SE. View-Visibility Fields, some of the Pateragiorgis-sites Closest neighbouring known sites 65: 140 m W, 24: 160 m NE Closest recent building Mitato ruins at 24: 200 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) 21 cistern at 400 m NE Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, now mostly eroded slopes with phrygana. Fields Terraced slopes mainly above site, eroded.
Comments Bad visibility of ruin because of general erosion of the area and asphalt road constructed right next to ruin, partly covering or even destroying it.
Bibliography
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Site 021A Region Pateragiorgis Sternes Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 797
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic stones rebuilt in neighbouring mitato ruin, parts of one wall visible below. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Some larger blocks, mostly big rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area $ 3 shared by 5 sites: 52.300 (18200 + 26900 + 7200) Perivolos length (km) 1,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1805 sqm L: 230 Roads Site situated close to cistern where several roads meet (all #2).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval + round section (one with sharp cut groove: LM III), scuttle handle, straight-sided cup (bright orange very soft - early?). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 big chunks with plant inclusions Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Half broken along drill hole green-blue steatite bead (1,6x1,6x0,3); steatite debris; one obsidian chip; worked part of dark gray pebble: Three-sided pyramid with natural round outer side of pebble opposite.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) to cistern passing outside of inner Perivolos, 40 m E. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas peak top (!) surrounding few sites Closest neighbouring known sites 21B-H: 40-180 m Closest recent building Mitato/metochi ruins 10-20m
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 130 m S Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments Earlier beginnings? If yes oldest part of Minoan metochi.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 180
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 511
Site 021B Region Pateragiorgis Sternes Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 803
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces (one wall) at edge of Sternes hill Ruin Size ca ? Big (100 sqm minimum) – 1 wall 13m Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Some large blocks preserved in lowest wall of recent ruin. Outer face preserved in parts.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area $ 3 shared by 5 sites: 52.300 (18200 + 26900 + 7200) Perivolos length (km) 1,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 2720 sqm L: 240 Roads Site situated close to cistern where several roads meet (all #2).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval section (one with two grooves), pithos body sherd with triple wavy band Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) to cistern passing outside of inner Perivolos, 40 m E. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas peak top (!) surrounding few sites Closest neighbouring known sites 21A-H: 40-180 m Closest recent building Mitato/metochi ruins on top of ruin
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 160 m S Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments Largest of all PP Sternes ruins with best inner Perivolos - choicest pottery
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 181
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 512
Site 021C Region Pateragiorgis Sternes Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 801
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ?48 sqm: 8x6 Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Some larger blocks, mostly rubble. Faces not preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 16.800 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Site situated close to cistern where several roads meet (all #2).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section grooved (base of pot part) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Unclear, small road (#2-3) may have been passing site from 21E to cistern. View-Visibility Fields, road, surrounding few sites Closest neighbouring known sites 21A-E: 60-150 m Closest recent building Mitato/metochi ruins 150 m to W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 100 m Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments Site gives the impression of having been squeezed into area after central Sternes sites
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 182
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 513
Site 021D Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 799
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind A few larger blocks + rubble (mostly level), very eroded, but generally recognizable as building site. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing Traces Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 7.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,35 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) from 33 to central road at 21 seems well built near to site (partly raised and filled up with stones).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, various small pieces. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing close. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas peak, 21 sites Closest neighbouring known sites 21E: 80 m S Closest recent building Mitato/metochi ruins 200 m to W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 200 m Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Area until 50 years ago used as vineyard Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments Eroded ruin area - were there ever Oncolithic stones?
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 183
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 514
Site 021E Region Pateragiorgis Sternes Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 797
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind A few larger blocks + rubble, generally recognizable as building site. Ruin Size ca ?42 sqm 7x6 (mostly guessed) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 8.500 Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Unclear, asphalt track passing too close.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Shapeless sherds of various Minoan fabrics. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Unclear, small road (#2-3) may have been passing site from 33 to cistern. View-Visibility Fields, possibly small road to cistern Closest neighbouring known sites 21C: 60 m W Closest recent building Mitato ruin at 33B 120 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 160 m Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis. Some of the best until today colluvial fields of the area.
Comments Smallest arable field area - would survival have been possibly with not quite 5000sqm of fields?
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 184
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 515
Site 021F Region Pateragiorgis Sternes Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 797
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces under/in aloni wall Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course, half buried Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area $ 3 shared by 5 sites: 52.300 (18200 + 26900 + 7200) Perivolos length (km) 1,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1450 sqm L: 190 Roads Site situated close to cistern where several roads meet (all #2).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various Minoan sherds, storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) to cistern passing outside of inner Perivolos, 60 m E. View-Visibility Fields, road, 21 sites Closest neighbouring known sites 21A-E: 40-150 m Closest recent building Mitato/metochi ruins 50 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 100 m Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments Hardly visible through ist re-use as aloni (cf. KA 01)
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 185
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 516
Site 021G Region Pateragiorgis Sternes Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 799
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces in and next to field wall Ruin Size ca 69 sqm: (7x7+4x5) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area $ 3 shared by 5 sites: 52.300 (18200 + 26900 + 7200) Perivolos length (km) 1,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 2770 sqm L: 230 Roads Site situated close to cistern where several roads meet (all #2).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various Minoan sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Hand tool type 6 Amphibolite, fragment of amphibolite debris, fragment of highly polished dark and brown mottled pebble (polisher?)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) to cistern passing outside of inner Perivolos, 10 m E. View-Visibility Fields, road, 21 sites Closest neighbouring known sites 21A-E: 40-150 m Closest recent building Mitato/metochi at 21: 70 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 70 m S Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis.On the edge of a colluvial small valley.
Comments Hardly visible through ist re-use as fieldwall and intensive use of fields until recently
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 186
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 517
Site 021H Region Pateragiorgis Sternes Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 798
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca parts of N wall Ruin max. standing 0,4 m 1 course (+rubble) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of what looks like one outer wall face (in terrace wall)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area $ 3 shared by 5 sites: 52.300 (18200 + 26900 + 7200) Perivolos length (km) 1,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 3000 sqm L: 220 Roads Unclear.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, grooved handle, body sherd of knobbed pithos. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Unclear. View-Visibility Fields, road, 21 H, 24 sites Closest neighbouring known sites 21-sites: 110 m Closest recent building Metochi at Site 21 120 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 220 m SE Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography Knobbed pithoi dated variously to MM II (Pendlebury 1939: 133) or MM III (Niemeier 1994: 80)
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 187
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 518
Site 022 Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 832
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Ruin Size ca ?220sqm (15x15?) Ruin max. standing 1,5 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Two faced single and double row. Well preserved whole structure, but totally overgrown with dense bushes, hence shape only approximately recognizable.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 42.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Next to Kritsa-Katharo kalderimi (#1).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, rounded pot rims. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Probably from main road (but note that its ancient track is here different from recent kalderimi). View-Visibility Fields, road (kalderimi)sites to E Closest neighbouring known sites 22B: 60 m N, 16: 220 m N Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 700 m Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 188
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 519
Site 022B Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 828
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts preserved in terrace/field wall (including corner). Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row (one small spot where terrace has fallen recognizable), double faced with some rubble fill.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 32.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) (170 m from E at kalderimi) ending at site, probable re-use in recent times. (Visible with perivolos on Google Earth).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval, little storage, half fine Type 4 pieces Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Tucked into rock ledge in SE a little more than a storey high, like that probably protected even from the NW winds it stands open to Access Road (#2) from main road at kalderimi. Overview only of last meters before site. View-Visibility Fields, road, 72, 70 Thylakas top Closest neighbouring known sites 22: 60 m, 16: 200 m, 72: 300 m Closest recent building Mitato and mandres 10-20 m to W and 20 m to S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) cistern 700 m Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Very lush greens in winter on terraces (N looking, thus keep humidity for a longer time). Fields Well preserved terraces. See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments Nearly invisible through intensive re-use of area by two mitata
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 189
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 520
Site 023 I+II Region Pateragiorgis Argoulida Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 803
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, near mitato, ruin used as terrace - 2 separate ruins well discernable. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 114+28sqm (9,5x12)+(7x4) Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined 1 Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed Double and single row, double faced, large block 1mx0,7x0,35. Second structure 1 m to W, similar.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 39.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,9 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Near main road (#1, kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo), probably small connecting road (#3, 50m).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section (1 with 3 grooves), pithos rim. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Near main road (#1, kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo), small connecting road (#2-3), probably continuing to 24-sites. View-Visibility Fields, road (kalderimi)18,23B Closest neighbouring known sites 23B: 60 m N, 24B2:140 m S Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 190
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 521
Site 023B Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 799
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, whole structure well discernable (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 66sqm 6x11 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 20.300 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads On main road (#1, kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, 1 with cut groove, rounded rims, straight-sided cup. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access On main road (#1, kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo), ruin 5 m from road. Good overview. View-Visibility Fields, road (kalderimi) 5 m sites to W 18, 22 Closest neighbouring known sites 23: 60 m S, 21H: 150 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 60 m SW (at Site 23)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 191
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 522
Site 024 Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 819
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic and big rubble. Whole structure well recognizable. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 43sqm 4,5x9,5 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced, large block 1mx0,7x0,35.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area $ shared by 4 Sites: 61.100 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 2330 sqm L: 210 Roads ? Next probable road 60 m E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval section, pithos sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau - edge, perivolos all plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Slightly rising slope to W + NW. Access Possibly from 24B? If yes must have been thin road (#3). View-Visibility Closest neighbouring known sites 24B1: 50 m E, 24B2: 70 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 70 m NE (at Site 24B2)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 192
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 523
Site 024B1 Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 812
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (1 wall 7-8m) Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer face recognizable, in small spot part of second (inner) row. Large block 1mx0,6x0,50.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area $ shared by 4 Sites: 61.100 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 4200 sqm L: 290 Roads Probably on small road (#2-3?) passing mostly where bulldozed track runs now, but see short piece of road at bend.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau - edge, perivolos all plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Probably on small road (#2-3?). View-Visibility Fields, road, 11 sites to E and SE Closest neighbouring known sites 24B2: 40 m W, 24: 50 m N Closest recent building Mitato 35 m NW (at Site 24B2)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 193
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 524
Site 024B2 Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 815
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind Large blocks at aloni look BA, none in original position. Clearly defined scatter below. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area $ shared by 4 Sites: 61.100 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1800 sqm L: 160 Roads Probably on small road (#2-3?) passing mostly where bulldozed track runs now, but see short piece of road at bend below 24B1.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Large amounts: Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, pithos rim with fine band , carinated jug, straight-sided cup with traces of dark paint. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau - edge, perivolos all plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Probably on small road (#2-3?). View-Visibility Fields, road, 11 sites to E and SE Closest neighbouring known sites 24B1: 50 m E, 24: 70 m NE Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography Light on dark plastic straight band decoration (here pithos) typical for Early Protopalatial period, cf. Van de Moortel 2006: 146.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 194
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 525
Site 024C Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 816
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts, N wall partly rounded (for approximate shape see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ? ca. 35 sqm (7x5) + possibly half round part Ruin max. standing 0,7 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved, some bigger blocks, some rubble, S wall bedrock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area $ shared by 4 Sites: 61.100 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 800 sqm L: 110 Roads Road (#2-3) passing below to N (20m) outside inner Perivolos N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval-oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau - edge, perivolos all plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2-3) passing below to N (20m) outside inner Perivolos N. View-Visibility Fields, road, several sites Closest neighbouring known sites 24B1: 90 m NW, 21F: 160 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 120 m NW (at Site 24B2)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 195
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 526
Site 025 Region Kephala Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C5 Height (above sea level) 698
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces in terrace and field walls. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved, some bigger blocks, especially in E wall probably from building.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area Parts (ca. 57.800) Perivolos length (km) 1,1 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts S of dwelling ruin (in terrace wall) Roads Road (#2) 30 m below, to Site 26.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval-oval section + grooved, pithos body sherd with light plastic rope decoration of finger-impressed band, pithos or pithoid jar. rims Haggis/Mook Class III. Type 1 beehive sherd at road (#3) 200 m NE of site. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Chert, green-brown, fragments of raw material.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) 30 m below, (leading to Site 26), partly visible from site. View-Visibility Fields, road, Closest neighbouring known sites 92: 280 m SE 26: 320 mNE Closest recent building Mitata 170-190 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well at 26K 270 m NE Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, colluvial valley below very fertile.
Comments
Bibliography Light plastic rope decoration (here pithos) of finger-impressed band typical for Early Protopalatial period, cf. Van de Moortel 2006: 146.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 196
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 527
Site 026 Region “Souvlí” Below Kephala Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level) 621
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, partly terrace wall, rest level. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 80sqm: 6x9,5 + 8,5x2,5 + Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Part of S wall recognizable as double row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area ? Parts, intensive re-use, some walls and terraces show oncolithic weathered blocks. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Probable road (#2) from 25 (visible until well 25K).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval-oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Probable road (#2) from 25 (visible until well 25K) passing, continuing to sites 27, coming up at Site 27. View-Visibility Fields, road possibly 27 Closest neighbouring known sites 25: 310 m SW 27: 330 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 60 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well at 26K 70 m W Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes above, surroundings due to clayey-phyllitic soil and higher humidity well suited for garden.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 197
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 528
Site 027 Region Gourni Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level) 601
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic 1 wall as retaining wall left Ruin Size ca ? Ca.8-9m Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Heavily overgrown ruin allows only suggestions, as only outer face is visible in places, but traces on top suggest a double row double faced wall. There are traces of a round ruin part or possible above ground Round structure next to the dwelling (mainly rubble).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area Unclear parts, at least 400 m of walls Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts (probably ca. 700 sqm L: 100) Roads Road (#2) coming up from 26, part near site well visible.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, pithos body sherd visible buried in situ, flat basin or jug base (or lid?) with finger impressions. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) coming up from 26. Possible connection to Site 27D. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, 27B 26 Closest neighbouring known sites 27F: 200 m SE (27C: 130 m, but different epoch) Closest recent building Mitato 380 m NE.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cistern at 27 K 100 m N Vegetation Naturally kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, langada with cistern and wells to N very fertile (phyllitic-clayey soil).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 198
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 529
Site 027 B Region Gourni East Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map B6 Height (above sea level) 590
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces + rubble, one possible wall part (now retaining wall). Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Traces of a possible outer face of the ruin in the slope.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round uu Perivolos area Unclear, intensely re-used area, erosion, but many of the surrounding walls might in part have been ancient. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) from Site 43 passing 100 m E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs (many) flat oval to oval section, pithos rims, jug sherds. Rim (rounded, very little curve) sherd Haggis/Mook Class III variation (plus dark inclusions) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) from Site 43 passing 100 m E. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, 27, Closest neighbouring known sites 27: 300 m SW (27C: 190 m, but different epoch) Closest recent building Mitato 160 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well at 27B K 50 m SE and well with oncolithic masonry at 120 m E. Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, langada with cistern and wells to S very fertile (phyllitic-clayey soil).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 199
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 530
Site 027 C Region Gourni East Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level)
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Rubble, some bigger pieces, no clear structure but clear position. Ruin Size ca Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area - Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads ?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery An early looking Type 1 (Late Prepalatial). Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position N-NE Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access ? View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 27D: 100 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 270 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well at 27B K 170 m N Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, langada with cistern and wells to N very fertile (phyllitic-clayey soil).
Comments The 27C-F sites are so infinitisimally visible (no architecture, small scatters) I wouldn’t have seen them without a recent wildfire that cleaned all phrygana.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 200
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 531
Site 027 D Region Gourni East Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level)
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Rubble, some bigger pieces, no clear structure but clear position. Ruin Size ca Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area - Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads ?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Looks all very worn, Late Prepalatial. Tripod leg flat oval section. Some nearly white buff with big granodiorite inclusions only (as seen also in EM sites of the area) Haggis/Mook Class III? Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position N-NE Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access ? View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 27C: 100 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 300 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well at 27B K 230 m N Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, langada with cistern and wells to N very fertile (phyllitic-clayey soil).
Comments The 27C-F sites are so infinitisimally visible (no architecture, small scatters) I wouldn’t have seen them without a recent wildfire that cleaned all phrygana.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 201
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 532
Site 027 E Region Gourni East Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C7 Height (above sea level)
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Rubble, some bigger pieces, no clear structure but clear position. Ruin Size ca Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area - Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads ?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Looks all very worn, Late Prepalatial. Flat oval tripod section. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access ? View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 27D: 180 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 200 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well at 27B K 230 m N Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, small colluvial langada SW and S terraced..
Comments The 27C-F sites are so infinitisimally visible (no architecture, small scatters) I wouldn’t have seen them without a recent wildfire that cleaned all phrygana.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 533
Site 027 F Region Gourni East Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level)
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Rubble, some bigger pieces aligned. Clear position. Ruin Size ca ? Ca.5x7 Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area The visible parts near the site probably belong to 27 (blocks not larger here) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Part of road (#2) visible S of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Looks very worn, Late Prepalatial. Tripod leg flat oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position N-NE Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Part of road (#2) visible S of site. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 27: 200 m NW (27D: 130 m, but different epoch) Closest recent building Mitato 400 m S (at 42 Sites)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well at 27 K 290 m NW Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced soft slopes.
Comments The 27C-F sites are so infinitisimally visible (no architecture, small scatters) I wouldn’t have seen them without a recent wildfire that cleaned all phrygana.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 203
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 534
Site 028 Region Skalia Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level) 661
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 90sqm: 7x7 + 6x6,5 + Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double faced, well preserved in all walls.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts west of site (shared walls), east intense modern re-use + bulldozed. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads 2 Roads meeting 90 m N of site: (#1 Kritsa-Katharo kalderimi, #2 road to Pateragiorgis).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada (NW-SE running, 150 m broad, 20 m deep at site): On upper SW-facing side of steep slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access 90 m S of road (#1, Kritsa-Katharo kalderimi), not visible at all from site. View-Visibility 68,63, road to pano Pateragiorgis (opposite hill) Closest neighbouring known sites 63: 230 m W Closest recent building Mitato 400 m NW (at Sites 42)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Wild olives. Fields small fields above site terraced roundly as f trees (cf.176)
Comments
Bibliography Taramelli (1899): 415-16. Brown’s “Koprana” (Brown 2001: 202, n. 173, 343)
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Site 029 Region Pateragiorgis Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D5-6 Height (above sea level) 750
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. One wall used as foundation in recent mitato ruin. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 159 sqm: 7x2 + 14,5x10 Ruin max. standing 1,1 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Preserved outer face mainly, but some blocks with what looks like an inner face as well. Possibly remains of inner rubble layer invisible now.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 37.900 Perivolos length (km) 0,85 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possible, but intense re-use. Roads Pateragiorgis central road to cave (#1-2) passing 60 m NW of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada (SE-NW runing, 90 m broad, 8 m deep at site): On upper SW-facing side of soft slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Pateragiorgis central road to cave (#1-2) passing 60 m NW of site, not visible. View-Visibility Fields, 53, cave, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 51C: 140 m NE Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 205
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 536
Site 030 Region Pateragiorgis Volakas Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 762
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 145 sqm: 7x13 + 6x9 +? Ruin max. standing 0,9 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double faced, all walls discernable.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 31.100 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads On small connecting road (#2-3) from 73 to Kritsa-Katharo main road (#1) kalderimi.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to rounded oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access On small connecting road (#2-3) from 73 to Krista-Katharo main road (#1) kalderimi. View-Visibility Fields, road (kalderimi), Thylakas, possibly distant sites to SE Closest neighbouring known sites 73: 120 m W Closest recent building Mitato 320 m N (at Site 54)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 537
Site 030 B Region Pateragiorgis Volakas E Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 750
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Hidden in bushes at 1,5 m from Kalderimi behind fence. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 75sqm: 7x9 + 4x3 Ruin max. standing 1,7 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double faced, all walls discernable. Large stone 1,2x0,7x0,4.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts (6 m below site 1,5 m high), probably ca. 22.100 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Unclear (overgrowth), several wall parts visible within possible perivolos area. Roads On road (#1) kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo, possible ancient track of road (#2) 35 m further E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Round handle with part of body sherd. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access On road (#1) kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo, possible ancient track of road (#2) 35 m further E (not visible from site). View-Visibility Fields, road (kalderimi) 1m, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 30: 130 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 360 m N (at Site 54)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 538
Site 030 C Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level)
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ? 43 min Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Very eroded, parts of outer faces recognizable.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 17.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Close to road (#1) kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo (35 m ).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section. Rounded rim sherd of pot or basin in Haggis/Mook Class III -variation (mostly white, fewer grano-diorite pieces). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position NW Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Close to road (#1) kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo (35 m ), partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road (kalderimi) Closest neighbouring known sites 30: 120 m NW, 30B: 130 m N Closest recent building Metochi 350 m S (at Sites 21)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 539
Site 031 Region Tapes - Sta Mesokoúdoura Map Tsivi 9633 2 Main Map A4 Height (above sea level) 922
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind Mandra/mitato ruin with scatter inside. No ancient architecture visible (overbuilt?) Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ? Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Connected from S with Sites 10 via small road (#2-3), possibly continuing to N (Pano Kastellos).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, rounded pot rims. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Steatite small fragments, partly worked, green chert chips.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Small road (#2-3), partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Lakonia, Agios, Thylakas. Great view. Closest neighbouring known sites 10C: 820 m S Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Phrygana, in langades kermes oak Fields Terraced steep slope looking E
Comments Some of the blocks used in the mitato construction might have been part of a BA structure
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 540
Site 032 Region Pano Tapes Map Tsivi 9633 2 Main Map B5 Height (above sea level) 630
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, near metochi in use. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved in several walls of later structure.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 26.800 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts (intense re-use as mitato) Roads On the main road (here 1-2) Tapes-Katharo, well preserved close to site and probably in use until recently.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Red, hard, flattened on opposite sides spheroid with cross-like sign on one side, Ø 4,8cm, 120gr (balance weight); worked green finegrained fragment of rectangular (slightly rounded corner) flat palette, lid vel sim; small fragment of dark amphibolite, the outside showing two smoothed planes at an open angle (ca.130°), the inside part of a drill tubular groove with parallel scratch marks well visible. 1 obsidian blade.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access On the main road (here 1-2) Tapes-Katharo, short parts visible. View-Visibility Fields, road from Tapes to Katharo at crossing to Voina Closest neighbouring known sites 17C: 820 m S Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well with year round water 100 m NW Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use today, well in a walled garden always surrounded by green plants. Fields All slopes and little valley terraced. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fertile lakkos below still cultivated (cereals, olives, almonds).
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Comments The lithic finds hint at a stonecutter’s (lapidary, too?) workshop. As the site sits on an important pass, the balance weight may have been used for herbs (saffron that grows in the mountains?) exchanged here.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 542
Site 033 Region Pateragiorgis Dolonous Lakkaki Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 790
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, large (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 154 sqm: 7x9 + 6,5x8 + 6,5x6, possibly.more add.rooms Ruin max. standing 2,2 m 5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double faced. Most part of ruin well preserved including some inner wall parts. Large stone: 1,4x0,6x0,3
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round aa Perivolos area 46.800 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Ca. 300 sqm L: 60 Roads Road (#2) passing at 30 m S of site, well preserved on several hundred meters here.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval-oval section, pithos rim with white finger- impressed band. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 obsidian blade; whetstone.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Beyond hilltop to E in lee of low ridge. Access Road (#2) passing at 30 m S of site, visible in parts. Access probably from there. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 33B: 110 m SW, 34: 270 m E Closest recent building Recent shepherd’s hut 20 m to E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cistern at 21 300 m NW – possibly own well in lakkos? Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently.Very green + fertile lakkos below. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography Light plastic rope decoration (here pithos) of finger-impressed band typical for Early Protopalatial period, cf. Van de Moortel 2006: 146.
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Site 033 B Region Pateragiorgis Dolonous Lakkaki Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 819
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Under ruin of recent mitato and avli. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 45 sqm: 7x6,5 +? Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved in several walls of later structures. Probably originally mixed double and single row.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 34.100 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts (intense re-use as mitato) Roads Road (#2) passing at 30 m N of site, Access from there via small road (#2-3) that may be ancient but was certainly used until recently.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Flat stone block (conglomerate) with two hollowed out pits. The erosion of the surface suggests its BA date.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing at 30 m N of site, not visible. Access from there via small road (#2-3). View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Pateragiorgis sites, roads, Thylakas top Closest neighbouring known sites 33: 110 m N Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
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Site 034 Region Pateragiorgis Dolonous Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 787
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 72 sqm: 6x12 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double faced. All walls of ruin well preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u? Perivolos area 42.200 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various wall parts preserved, no clear area. Roads Road (#2, making a bend next to site, well preserved to NE) passing close.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval, oval, round. Small tripod vessel base (jug?) Type 2 with two rounded leg tops very close. Pithos body sherd with large black grog (LM III?) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2, making a bend next to site) passing close, partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello all, sites to E, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 59: 130 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 170 m E (at Site 74)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography For the small tripod vessel as typical for Protopalatial see Haggis & Mook 1993: 283.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 545
Site 035 Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 870
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Under mitato ruin. Ruin Size ca ?77sqm: 7x11? Ruin max. standing 0,7 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Traces of walls (level in mitato avli) show outer faces.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round uu Perivolos area 50.800 Perivolos length (km) 0,95 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Probable - parts of walls with large blocks visible, but intense re-use as mitato. Roads Road (#2) passing at 50 m SE of site, used until recently.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. Handle with two holes made before firing in Haggis/Mook Class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - protected by a slight rise to W and NW. Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing at 50 m SE of site, well visible over long parts. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, road, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 61: 200 m N Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) 35 K, 35 K2? Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Very fertile lakkos below. Fields Softly sloped terraces, very fertile langada and lakkos near site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 215
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 546
Site 036 Region Pateragiorgis Roukouno Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 880
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 41 sqm: (7x5+3x2) Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3-4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face, all walls well preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts to east Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of court-like enclosure above ruin. Roads Road (#2) passing at 50 m SE of site, the Minoan track probably ran uphill along Perivolos 39 (avoiding the fields in the langada bottom), not on the track of the one in use.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. Pithos rim. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1, on the slope of SW-NE running long langada. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing at 50 m SE of site, well visible over long parts. View-Visibility Fields, 2 Roads (to Limni/Katharo and to Gonia) Closest neighbouring known sites 86: 190 m W Closest recent building Mitato 340 m N (at Site 35)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, very fertile langada below site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 216
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 547
Site 037 Region Achlada - Tou Trantado Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map E6 Height (above sea level) 784
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, one part obviously added later. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 100 sqm: (7x9 + 6x6) Ruin max. standing 2,2 m 5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double faced. Most part of ruin well preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 33.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,75 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of court-like enclosure above ruin. Roads A small road (#2-3) from N (well preserved in parts) may have passed to connect to S, too (if so it must have been a thin path).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, rounded rims, carinated cup. Seperate small scatter 30 m S of and slightly above ruin: cooking (lid rim Type 2), medium fine Type 4, fine ware. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - on the edge of a small ledge with a rather steep slope below to E. Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) X Protected to N and S by higher slopes. Access A small road (#2-3) from N, partly visible. (Possibly a thin path connected to the S). View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 50: 190 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 100 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, very fertile langada below site. A level space NW of ruin may have been walled.
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 548
Site 038 Region Geromanolis Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 941
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Recent mandra built inside. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 91 sqm: 7x13 Ruin max. standing 1m 2,5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face, all walls well preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round ua Perivolos area 37.900 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of mandra- or court-like enclosure at ruin (ca. 120 sqm). Roads Unclear. A known road (#2) passes at 150 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval. Storage, rounded rims, one of a basin or pot with traces of black paint. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - although the slope has a more N direction the ruin sits in a small side-depression resulting in eastern orientation Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Unclear. A known road (#2) passes at 150 m S. Access possibly along the S perivolos. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 38B: 40 m E Closest recent building Mitato 270 m E (at Site 62)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Karstic. Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Fertile terraced langada E and N of site
Comments Orthostate mandra W of ruin is very unusual!
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 218
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 549
Site 038 B Region Geromanolis Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 937
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca 28+ sqm: 7x4+ no upper (S) wall visible Ruin max. standing 1,7 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, few double faces preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 45.800 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 4100 sqm of Perivolos below site has an extra enclosure (270 m). Roads Unclear. A known road (#2) passes at 150 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Very close to (below) site 38 - only one sherd seen to belong here with certainty. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - although the slope has a more N direction the ruin sits in a small side-depression resulting in eastern orientation Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Unclear. A known road (#2) passes at 150 m S. Access possibly along the S perivolos. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 38: 40 m W Closest recent building Mitato 230 m E (at Site 62)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Karstic. Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Fertile terraced langada W and N of site
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 219
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 550
Site 039 Region Mesakó armí Map Katharo S 9633 6 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 940
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 72 sqm: 9x8 Ruin max. standing 1,5 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row single faced with rubble backing (remains fill part of ruin). All walls well preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area ? Parts Perivolos length (km) 0,25 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Several well preserved subdivisions (one like milking mandra) N and W of Site, ca, 900 sqm. Roads A small road (#3) comes up from W (Sites 40), possibly continuing to NE (39B).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Minoan, one sherd might be NP (orange, with phyllite, but too small) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access A small road (#3) comes up from W (Sites 40). Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 40B: 40 m W Closest recent building Mitato ruin 120 m E (near Site 39B)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced soft slopes, cultivated until recently.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 220
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 551
Site 039 B Region Sto Dítrypo Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 898
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Near mitato/mandra ruin. One wall part as retaining wall. Ruin Size ca ? Ca.7x4 Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer face and bedrock back wall remaining.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 34.600 Perivolos length (km) 0,75 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Unclear - intense re-use. Roads Unclear, possibly from 39.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section with lots of golden mica, rounded rim. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Unclear, possibly from 39. Would be invisible. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 39: 120 m, 38: 220 m Closest recent building Mitato ruin close by.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Vegetation Karstic: lots of rocky areas, esp. towards 38, but good fields near site in langada. Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Nice catchment E of site – terraced flat valley
Comments only one wall part visible, rest unclear, probably not built with right angles
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 221
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 552
Site 040 Region Roukano or Roukouno Map Katharo S 9633 6 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 928
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Second in height of all ruins. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 60 sqm: 5x12 Ruin max. standing 3m! 7 courses (fr inside:1,3m!) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed single and double row double faced. The high standing corner is preserved in the outer face only. All walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ? Parts same as 39. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2, exact position in Minoan times unclear) passing no further than 50m.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: (SW-NE running, 100 m broad, 20 m deep at site) Type 1. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Unclear, from below or from 40B. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road(to Katharo+39 via 40B) Closest neighbouring known sites 40B: 60 m E Closest recent building Mitato at Site 35 350 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Fertile langada at site (terraced, cultivated until recently).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 222
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 553
Site 040 B Region Roukano or Roukouno Map Katharo S 9633 6 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 934
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. The ruin traces look like part of a perivolos had been used as one wall. Ruin Size ca ? 28 sqm: 7x4 Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Situation unclear. Dwelling? ruin seems to have built using part of a perivolos (i.e. later than that?) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type ? Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2, exact position in Minoan times unclear) passing no further than 50 m, small road (#3) to 39 passing at site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small pieces. Large amount of fineware below (jugs and similar sizes). Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: (SW-NE running, 100 m broad, 20 m deep at site) on W facing slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#2, exact position in Minoan times unclear) passing no further than 50 m, small road (#3) to 39 passing at site, both partly visible. View-Visibility No fields, at road 40-39 - function? Closest neighbouring known sites 39: 40 m E Closest recent building Mitato at Site 35 350 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Fertile langada at site (terraced, cultivated until recently).
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 554
Site 041 Region Astividopo below Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D2 Height (above sea level) 968
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ? 8x? Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1 course partly in 1 wall Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced. Most walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts Perivolos length (km) 0,35 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing close.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval, handmade cup base. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access From road (#2) passing, possibly originally a through road, small parts visible. View-Visibility Fields, at road Closest neighbouring known sites 94: 210 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 330 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed cypress and kermes oak forest Fields Very fertile big lakkos at site.
Comments Slightly uphill a kind of platform next to the road on the cliff edge (looking N-NE) may have been for visual connection.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 224
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 555
Site 042 Region Chonaria Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level) 655
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca 140sqm? 10x14 (possibly. +6x14? Or avli) Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced. Three walls preserved in parts.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts, probably shared by 4 sites Perivolos length (km) 1,9 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of the many walls surrounding the sites must have been inner perivoloi, but too disturbed by recent and current use. Roads Through road (#2) passing 100 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, pithos body sherds and rim. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Through road (#2) passing 100 m S, well visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, other 42 sites Closest neighbouring known sites 42B: 40 m, 42C: 40 m Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until today. Fields Softly sloped terraces, very fertile langada near site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 225
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 556
Site 042 B Region Chonaria Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level) 655
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,7 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts, probably shared by 4 sites Perivolos length (km) 1,9 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of the many walls surrounding the sites must have been inner perivoloi, but too disturbed by recent and current use. Roads Through road (#2) passing 100 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval section, traces of black paint or slip on Type 1 body sherd, pithos body and rim sherds, one Haggis/Mook Class III Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 2 Amphibolite tools with drilled tubular slot, 1: spotted, ca. 580gr, (half disk, 10x8x5, drill groove Ø 2,9) 2: veined, 1030gr (rim of sphere, 13,5x8,5x5, drill groove Ø 2,9); small fragment of polished on two sides black marble with white veins (local material, around outcroppings broken off fragments of raw material); squarish broken amphibolite (densely veined) pounder/grinder type 7 (one long side well abraded); fragment of a rubbing surface sandstone (poss. quern), a reddish-purple hard sandstone diamond shaped flat tool (very eroded or unfinished), one tip abraded/pecked; a black cobble (raw material, chipped off fragments on one side) chert-like with golden specks like mica, not local; a cobble of light green amphibolite (with clear drwan light spots) raw material (all amphibolites are different).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Through road (#2) passing 100 m S, well visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, other 42 sites Closest neighbouring known sites 42: 40 m, 42C: 40 m Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close)
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 557
Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until today. Fields Very fertile big lakkos at site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 227
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 558
Site 042 C Region Chonaria Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level) 655
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind Right next to modern mitato might be level traces of one wall. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts, probably shared by 4 sites Perivolos length (km) 1,9 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of the many walls surrounding the sites must have been inner perivoloi, but too disturbed by recent and current use. Roads Through road (#2) passing 100 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few Minoan small sherds, another small scatter 20 m slightly downslope to E. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Through road (#2) passing 100 m S, well visible. View-Visibility Fields, other 42 sites, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 42: 40 m, 42B: 40 m Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until today. Fields Very fertile big lakkos at site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 228
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 559
Site 042 D Region Chonaria Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level) 655
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Rubble, few larger stones forming a rectangle. Ruin Size ca ca. 30sqm Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts, probably shared by 4 sites Perivolos length (km) 1,9 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of the many walls surrounding the sites must have been inner perivoloi, but too disturbed by recent and current use. Roads Through road (#2) passing 100 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, pithos rim + body sherds, 1 Haggis/ Mook Class III Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Through road (#2) passing 100 m S, well visible. View-Visibility Fields, other 42 sites, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 42B: 60 m, 42C: 80 m Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until today. Fields Very fertile big lakkos at site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 229
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 560
Site 043 Region Souvlo Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map B7 Height (above sea level) 483
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts (surrounded by some rubble) Ruin Size ca ca. 56sqm 7x8 Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course half buried Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Traces, possibly of inner perivolos. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through route from N (Tapes area) probably passed to 27B and further W. Visible parts small (#2-3).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Saddle side (NW-SE) Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access On probable connecting route from N (Tapes area), partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road?, Pano Kastellos Closest neighbouring known sites 27B: 530 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 100 m to N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Softly sloped terraces, very fertile langada near site. Fields Nice flat saddle of ca. 30.000 sqm recently reused
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 230
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 561
Site 044 Region Tafos Kroustas - Antramithia Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H9 Height (above sea level) 756
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 63 sqm 7x9 Ruin max. standing 2,5 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed single and double row, double faced or single faced with rubble on the inside. Large block: 0,8x0,8x2.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts S,W, see respective sites (44C, 45, 176) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts to N of ruin (long rectangular court or garden?). Roads Through road (#2) at 30 m NW. Connecting road (#2-3) well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, rounded rims, storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#2) at 30 m NW not visible. View-Visibility Mirabello view, few fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 176: 200 m, 45: 240 m Closest recent building Mitato 100 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Very fertile langada near site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 562
Site 044 B Region Tafos Kroustas – Kalogeros Seli Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H9 Height (above sea level) 685
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, under mitato. Ruin Size ca ? over35 7x? Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 2750 sqm L: 250 Roads Through road (#2) at 30 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Through road (#2) at 30 m S not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello view, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 176: 380 m NW Closest recent building
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Softly sloped terraces, big fertile langada to E
Comments
Bibliography
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Site 044 C Region Tafos Kroustas Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8-9 Height (above sea level) 772
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 77 sqm: 6-8 x11 Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 2-3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed single and double row, double faced. S wall all single row, double faced. All walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 62.200 Perivolos length (km) 1,13 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1400 sqm L: 1400 Roads Road (#2) leading to site, well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various Minoan small sherds Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2) leading to site well visible. View-Visibility Mirabello view all, Prin Pyrg, site 44+44B+D, 45B, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 47B: 100 m S Closest recent building
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, a fertile langada to NE
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 564
Site 044 D Region Tafos Kroustas - Monóprinos Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level)
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Bulldozer has passed E wall at its face (in parts down to 1,5 m below surface) so the underlaying construction technique is visible. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 108sqm: 9x12 Ruin max. standing 1,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced, some huge blocks (SW corner). All walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 48.100 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Before the agricultural track was bulldozed next to dwelling ruin, there were several walled divisions to NE (few still preserved NE of track along/inside Outer Perivolos) Roads Through road (#2) passing site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripods legs flat oval+oval section, grooved medium fine buff handle, storage Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Limestone (pebble) handtool type 1, 1 oval sandstone (polisher) with 1 clearly worn surface, 1 triangular obsidian chip with 1 cutting side(scraper?).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) passing site well visible. View-Visibility Fields, PP + Mirabello, 44C, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 44: 120 m, 45B: 160 m Closest recent building Mitato 60 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Softly terraced slope in langada.
Comments
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Site 045 Region Tafos Kroustas Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 771
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca 76,5 sqm: 8,5x9 Ruin max. standing 0,7 m 1 stone ca 2 m 4 courses in retaining wall Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces remain. Well enough preserved to recognize all walls.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 70.200 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts to E of dwelling ruin, with high sustaining wall. Roads Through road (#2) at 100 m SW and N. Probable small connecting road (#2-3) from SW ending at site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Half a greyish hand tool (limestone pebble, half sphere) (eroded, but probable pound marks at edges), type 1.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Two through roads within 100 m, the southern one visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello view, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 45B: 130 m SW; 44: 240 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 140 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Surroundings look rocky, but flat parts worked into very good and amazingly large fields. Fields Many small fields around, very fertile lakkos E of site
Comments Uses big flat natural rocks parallel to two walls W+E in 1-2 m distance to protect building, 1 wall 3 m further E seems to accentuate that
Bibliography
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Site 045 B Region Tafos Kroustas Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level)
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts Ruin Size ca ? one wall (+1 very big stone) ca.9m Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed single and double (small parts) row, some outer faces preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 32.700 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Through road (#2) passing 30 m W of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg extremely flat oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - in amphitheatral position, looking only SE Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#2) passing 30 m W of site well visible downhill. View-Visibility Fields, 44C, possibly upper storey of 47, Not Fortezza (even though right below), Closest neighbouring known sites 45: 130 m N Closest recent building Mitato 180 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Fertile langada at site (terraced, cultivated until recently).
Comments
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Site 046 Region Tafos Fortezza Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 866
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic retaining wall/inner perivolos (with some oncolithic inner structures), surrounding whole knoll-top. Ruin Size ca Traces inside inner perivolos on SE of knoll top might be ruin parts (cf. Nowicki 1998, who saw partitions where now concrete platform is), ca. 5x7m Ruin max. standing 2,5 m 3-7 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) The retaining wall is single row, with outer face only. Small parts of ruin seem double row.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 58.650 seems to be shared with 102. Perivolos length (km) 1,9 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 300 sqm L: 70 extremely well preserved, running around the edge of the hilltop, namegiving: Fortezza Roads Unclear, probably by a small road (#3) from below S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, basin rim and base finger impressed band (Type 1), pithos body sherd with trickle decoration, cup or juglet sherd Haggis/Mook class III Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Fragments of (reconstructible in shape) flat finegrained sandstone palette vel sim. fragments of chipped amphibolite raw material.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Knoll-top site, raised 15 m above surroundings on all sides, the whole top area well-defined by a retaining wall. Strategical Position Highly defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Unclear. A known road (#2) passes at 150 m S. View-Visibility The site is a “vigla” (lookout), full surround view. Thylakas. Closest neighbouring known sites 103: 70 m NE Closest recent building Mitata 220 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed pine with kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, most steep.
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Comments Has a perfect optical connection to the N and E and also to many sites in the valley behind to W and SW.
Bibliography Nowicki 1998:36.
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Site 046 B Region Tafos Fortezza Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 862
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, huge blocks surrounding edge of hillock. Possible part of dwelling foundations at S edge. Ruin Size ca Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) The retaining wall is huge, double and single row, with outer face only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 26.100 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 170 sqm L: 50 very well preserved, running around the edge of the hilltop Roads Unclear, probably by a small road (#3) from below S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Only few pieces ca. 50 m downhill Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Knoll-top site, raised 10 m above surroundings on all sides, part of the top area framed by a wall of one layer of huge blocks. Strategical Position Highly defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Unclear. A known road (#2) passes at 150 m S. View-Visibility Large part of surround view. Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 46: 90 m SE Closest recent building Mitata 240 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed pine with kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, fertile langada NW of site
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 570
Site 047 Region Tafos Kroustas (mitato Irini Lassithiotaki) Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 792
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces in and underneath mandra/mitato in use Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,6 m single stones in Mandra wall Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer face of parts of one wall preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 29.200 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Mitato/mandres in use on top if ruin may partly be using BA structures. Roads Two roads (#2) reaching site from NE and NW. Parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, very little pottery (intense current use of site by shepherds) Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - Ridge: on the S slope, just below the top S of a bulky rock formation forming part of the crest of a W-E ridge. Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Two roads (#2) reaching site from NE and NW, not visible. View-Visibility Fields, 48, Thylakas from top of ridge just above site (and its roof ?) Closest neighbouring known sites 44C: 100 m E Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed pine with kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, some small fertile lakkoi.
Comments
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Site 047 B Region Tafos Kroustas Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 472
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing a few stones, some big Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Intensive use of bedrock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 14.000 Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Ca. 250 sqm L: 60 - there seem to have been other parts too (unclear). Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Malles or Katharo close (10 m N).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg tip, carinated jug (or big cup), straight-sided cup base Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 obsidian flake at round mandra.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected to N and W by higher slopes . Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Malles or Katharo close (10 m N). Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, Tafos valley area, road Closest neighbouring known sites 44C: 100 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 120 m NW at Site 47
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed pine with kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Intense agricultural use until recently. Fields Terraced slopes, a fertile langada to SW
Comments
Bibliography
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Site 048 Region Tafos Kroustas Map Tafos K9634 7 Main Map I8 Height (above sea level) 772
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 103 sqm: 8x11 + 6x2,5 Ruin max. standing 2m 5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced. All walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 77.000 Perivolos length (km) 1,3 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Oval structure ca. 100 sqm L: 40 m, S of ruin, could have been milking mandra. Roads Road (#2) to 49 sites 50 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, pithos base sherd Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) to 49 sites 50 m N. Well visible. View-Visibility Fields, cave, 47, Thylakas (upper part) Closest neighbouring known sites 212: 230 m NW, 49: 260 m SW Closest recent building Fieldhouse at ruin 49
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cistern at ruin 49 Vegetation Naturally pine and kermes oak forest, now regrowing (phrygana) after fire 1994 Fields Good fields on terraces around ruin, obviously re-cultivated until recently
Comments
Bibliography
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Site 049 Region Tafos Kroustas Kopranes Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I9 Height (above sea level) 768
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 99 sqm: 9x11 Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double face. Walls well enough preserved to see whole structure.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area 24.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts, unclear through recent re-use, part integrated in threshing floor Roads Road (#2) from W (passing 48). Second NE-SW road passing close.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, cooking tray rim, storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position N and S facing on a flat ridge or ledge/small plateau of W-E slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) from W (passing 48). Possibly second NE-SW road passing close to site. View-Visibility Fields! cave, 47, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 49C: 60 m E, 49B: 80 m S Closest recent building Fieldhouse nearly on top of ruin
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cistern at ruin Vegetation Naturally pine and kermes oak forest, now regrowing (phrygana) after fire 1994 Fields Good fields on level and terraced fields surrounding site
Comments
Bibliography
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Site 049 B Region Tafos Kroustas Kopranes Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I9 Height (above sea level) 760
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic blocks at scatter (traces in modern terrace wall), a few blocks in a line. Ruin Size ca ? 66 sqm: 6x11 Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer face of parts of two walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area 31.800 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts surrounding dwelling ruin Roads Road (#2) from W (passing 48) 80 m to N. Second NE-SW road passing at 80m.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) from W (passing 48). Possibly second NE-SW road passing at 49. View-Visibility Fields, 49-sites Closest neighbouring known sites 49: 80 m N, 49C: 100 m N Closest recent building Fieldhouse at ruin 49
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cistern at ruin 49 Vegetation Naturally pine and kermes oak forest, now regrowing (phrygana) after fire 1994 Fields Best big colluvial valley-field with perivolos partly re-used als recent fieldwall
Comments
Bibliography
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Site 049 C Region Tafos Kroustas Kopranes Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I9 Height (above sea level) 762
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic blocks, parts of one wall with corner. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only one outer face and corner partly preserved
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area No outer Perivolos visible, (on edge of settlement area?). Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possible, but no clear view with phrygana Roads Road (#2) from W (passing 48). Second NE-SW road passing close.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone
TOPOGRAPHY: Position N and S facing on a flat ridge or ledge/small plateau of W-E slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed Access Road (#2) from W (passing 48). Possibly second NE-SW road passing close to site. View-Visibility Fields, roads, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 49: 60 m W, 49B: 100 m S Closest recent building Fieldhouse at ruin 49
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cistern at ruin 49 Vegetation Naturally pine and kermes oak forest, now regrowing (phrygana) after fire 1994 Fields Unclear (no perivolos seen) but probably terraced region surrounding site.
Comments
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Site 050 Region Tou Vardantoni to katalima Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map E6 Height (above sea level) 776
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic - highest preserved ruin. Ruin Size ca 56 sqm (+) 8x7 Ruin max. standing 4,2 m 10-11 courses (fr inside:2,6m!) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon ? Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double face. N wall nearly exclusively one big chunk of bedrock (onto which leans the extremely high NE corner). The high standing corner is preserved in the outer face only. All walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 2 -? Perivolos area Parts clearly attributable. The available area below the site is 155.000, but from its shape that looks like at least one more site (undetected) should belong here. Dirt roads bulldozed through the region and intense use of parts . Perivolos length (km) 1,8 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Overgrown, but various oncolithic structures surround the dwelling ruin, including at least one Round Structure. Roads Road (#2) passing 50 m SE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small pieces, very difficult to find in rock crevices Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - on very steep slope (40%) Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected to N and W by higher slopes . Access Road (#2) passing 50 m SE not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas top part Closest neighbouring known sites 37: 190 m NE Closest recent building Mitato/fieldhouse 100 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Large, very fertile lakkos below still cultivated.
Comments Ruin is extremely well preserved and stands amazingly high on a steep slope, still the forest surrounding it is so dense one has to get really close to see it even from the agricultural road passing 20 m below. Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Site 051 Region Pateragiorgis Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6/D6 Height (above sea level) 724
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 79 sqm: 8x8 + 3x5 Ruin max. standing 2,3 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face, all walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Cut by road in two: ca. 35.000 - S: 9.800 N: 25.200 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Well preserved court between dwelling and outer perivolos (S): ca. 50 sqm (12x4 m - cf. also bibliography). Roads Through road (#2, here extra broad for a few meters) passing site with a bend. Second possible road (#2) 50 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Little pottery, tiny sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - very slight rise to NW Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2) passing site with a bend in full view. Second possible road (#2) 50 m S not visible. View-Visibility Fields, on road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 51C: 120 m W Closest recent building Mitato/fieldhouse 220 m SW (at Site 29)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes, cultivated until recently .(See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis)
Comments
Bibliography Zielinski 1998: 313 gives the ruin as 12x12 (i.e. taking the court between what I see as ruin and the S perivolos as part of the building).
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Site 051 B Region Pateragiorgis Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6/D6 Height (above sea level) 728
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 90 sqm 12x6,5 +4x4,5 - 2 houses? Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face, all walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Two clearly distinct parts, 41.550 (NE: 21.340, N: 20.210) Perivolos length (km) 1,3 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Well defined court between dwelling and outer perivolos (SW): ca. 300 sqm (L: 75). Roads Road (#2, partly broader) passing site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, cup bases, storage Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - very slight rise to NW Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2, partly broader) passing site well visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 51C: 110 m S Closest recent building Mitato/fieldhouse 220 m S (at Site 29)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
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Site 051C Region Pateragiorgis Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6/D6 Height (above sea level) 736
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (few blocks), with rubble. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 18 sqm 6x3 Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer faces preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 48.620 Perivolos length (km) 0,9 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim The road passing the perivolos area S of the dwelling is flanked on its N side with a perivolos wall, thus creating a large subdivision. Roads Through road (#2) passing close to site, Second possible road (#2) 40 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - very slight rise to NW Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Through road (#2) passing close well visible. Second possible road partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, on road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 51B: 110 m N Closest recent building Mitato/fieldhouse 140 m SW (at Site 29)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
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Site 052 Region Pateragiorgis Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 785
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 90,5 sqm: (8x4 + 10,5x3 + 6x3 + 3x3) Ruin max. standing 0.8 m 2-3courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face, all walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Three clearly distinct parts (road running through) 52.600 (E: 29.000, S: 8300, W: 15.300) Perivolos length (km) 1,9 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim The S separate perivolos may have had Inner Perivolos function (e.g. garden vel sim). Roads Through road (#2) passing close well preserved. A kind of “plateia” or road trigon 70 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, small sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position NW Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#2) passing close well visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, N Pateragiorgis, Thylakas peak Closest neighbouring known sites 64: 110 m W Closest recent building Former metochi Sternes 240 m SW (at the 21 sites).
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 250
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 581
Site 053 Region Pateragiorgis Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 740
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 125 sqm: (10x9,5+3,5x4,5+round part c 14) Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face, all walls preserved. Large stone 0,9x0,7x0,5 - rubble around ruin NE side.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ca. 103.600 Perivolos length (km) 1,3 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Dwelling site surrounded by an intricate system of walls/courts/ mandra (see drawing) at least 600 sqm L: 180. See drawing. Roads Road (#2) passing 20 m N of site, partly preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, beehive rim, pithos with curved plastic rope decoration of finger-impressed band, pithos rim with traces of black paint/slip on outside (both Type 4), fineware with traces of black paint, jar rim Haggis/Mook class III Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 2 obsidian blades
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Just below to E in lee of low ridge (an upper story would possibly be exposed.) Access Road (#2) passing 20 m N of site, parts visible. View-Visibility Fields, some sites, Thylakas peak. Closest neighbouring known sites 30B: 210 m W, 51B: 250 m E, 51C and 52: 300 m (ESE, SE) Closest recent building Recent mitato- or field-house ruin 240 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis
Comments The half-round part of the ruin may have been granary. See drawing.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 251
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 582
Site 054 Region Pateragiorgis Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C5 Height (above sea level) 704
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Near mitato in use. Ruin Size ca ? 8x? Ruin max. standing 0,7 m 1+ course (plus one more visible Level below) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of one wall with visibly lined up outer face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ? Intense re-use as mitato (in use) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts (or all?) of a recent walled partition N of ruin seem to re-use a BA structure. Roads Road (#2) passing 30 m N of site, parts well preserved (SE of site).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B - in a small recess of a slight S-N running langada with a higher slope to E (high rise of Katharo Tsivi 700 m to NW.) Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing 30 m N of site, not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road? 26? Closest neighbouring known sites 30B: 350 m S Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Sloped terraces, fertile terraced langada to SE
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 252
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 583
Site 055 Region Plativolo Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D8 Height (above sea level) 575
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Near mitato ruin built in base of re-used blocks. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Possible parts SW of site Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing 100 m S. Connecting road possible but unclear.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, small sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected to N, NW and S. Access Through road (#2) passing 100 m S. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road? Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 55B: 460 m S Closest recent building Mitato 200 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Wild olive. Fields Sloped terraces, cultivated until recently
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 253
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 584
Site 055 B Region Plativolo Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map E7 Height (above sea level) 570
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts of one corner, other stones used for modern field wall. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1+ courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area None seen Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing 150 m E. Connecting road possible but unclear.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected to N, NW and S. Access Through road (#2) passing 150 m E. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 55C: 320 m W Closest recent building Mitato 100 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring at Theologos 500 m SE Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Wild olive. Fields Sloped terraces, site is situated in a recently abandoned olive grove.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 254
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 585
Site 055 C Region Plativolo Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map E7 Height (above sea level) 638
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 120 sqm (13x9+1,5x2) Ruin max. standing 1,5 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face, all walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Through road (#2) passing 100 m N. Connecting road unclear.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#2) passing 100 m N. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 55E: 200 m S Closest recent building Mitato 520 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Wild olive. Fields Sloped terraces, a fertile shallow langada to NE
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 255
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 586
Site 055 D Region Plativolo Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map E7 Height (above sea level) 612
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces near recent mandra.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area 65.700 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing 30 m N of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing 30 m N of site, partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 137: 230 m W Closest recent building Mitato 300 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Sloped terraces, a fertile long langada (terraced) to S
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 256
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 587
Site 055 E Region Theologos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E7 Height (above sea level) 572
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind A few big blocks at mitato/mandra ruin. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing 30 m N of site, next to bottom of gorge.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg extremely flat oval Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada or gorge: (winding NW-SE, 280 m broad, 75 m deep at site): Near bottom of SW-facing side of steep slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing 30 m N of site, partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 55C: 200 m N Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Steep but fertile terraces in bend of cheimaros N of site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 257
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 588
Site 056 Region Sti Bébeli (W of Theologos, S of Achlada) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E6 Height (above sea level) 804
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts near mitato ruin, used as terrace wall, parts preserved well enough the estimate size. Ruin Size ca 128 sqm (9x12+5x4) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face. Most only outer face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 48.300 Perivolos length (km) 1,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts (intense re-use as mitato) Roads Through road (#2) passing 30 m W of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, handle pierced before firing, round rim, cup base. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Chert debris.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Small plateau - on slightly E-sloping hilltop (all inside of its own perivolos), E of high spot (highest rocks to NE). Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Through road (#2) passing 30 m W of site, not visible. View-Visibility Fields, outer Mirabello, not beach, Thylakas peak. Closest neighbouring known sites 50: 330 m NW Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Many small fields around within very rocky surroundings.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 258
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 589
Site 057 Region Koprana (at big Prinos, site is on slope above) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E6 Height (above sea level) 865
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 64 sqm: 8x8 Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row single faced (inside rubble) in NE wall and partly single row, double faced in NW wall (may also have had in part rubble on the inside originally).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 37.600 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Surrounded by walled structures on three sides (the SW part on next higher level). Roads Through road (#2) passing 80 m W of site. Connecting road small (#2-3).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, storage, jug and cup bases (medium fine) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#2) passing 80 m W of site. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 58: 150 m NW, 57B: 150 m SE Closest recent building New mitato 120 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes, a fertile terraced langada E of site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 259
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 590
Site 057 B Region SE of Achlada Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E6 Height (above sea level) 900
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 56 sqm: 7x8 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row single faced (inside rubble) in E wall (rubble inside).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts (SW of site) Perivolos length (km) 0,3 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing close to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - on side of a low S-N running langada. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#2) passing. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 57: 150 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 280 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes in a slight valley surrounding the site
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 260
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 591
Site 058 Region Astividopo – (mitato Tavlas) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E6 Height (above sea level) 872
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces near mitato ruin in use. Ruin Size ca ? 14x Ruin max. standing 0,5 m parts of 1 wall Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 115.100 (very rocky, some parts unclear) Perivolos length (km) 1,4 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Probable (intense re-use) Roads Road (#2) passing close to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, pithoid jar rim with high vertical handle Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing close to site. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas, Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 58B: 200 m SE Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced soft slopes in a broad runoff fan it sits at (with plenty of water running after rains in winter), cultivated until recently.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 261
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 592
Site 058 B Region Astividopo II opposite Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E6 Height (above sea level) 856
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts, possibly 2 structures (or court?) 10 m apart. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 54 sqm: 5-7x9 S side half round Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer faces partly preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Traces (eroded). Roads Through road (#2) passing close to site on both sides.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval, rounded rims, straight-sided cup base Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position North-west facing, with a higher rise close to S, 150 m to W and 350 m to N. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#2) passing close to site on both sides. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello,Thylakas, Pano Kastellos Closest neighbouring known sites 57: 150 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 200 m NW (at Site 58)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced soft slopes in a broad runoff fan it sits in (with plenty of water running after rains in winter), cultivated until recently.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 262
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 593
Site 059 Region Pateragiorgis Dolonous Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 780
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 31,5 sqm: 7x4,5 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double faced, mixed two- and one-row. Whole ruin filled with big rubble (fill looks ancient).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 45.100 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possible small court between dwelling ruin and Minoan road. Roads Road (#2) passing close to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval, pithos rim with light coloured waved dented band, small everted vessel rims medium fine+ fine with traces of black paint/slip, semi-globular cup base. Second scatter at road 20 m SW of site Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Steatite, 1 big rough fragment of raw material broken in 2.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing close to site. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields? road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 93: 120 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 200 m to NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes, a wide fertile langada to E below (See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis)
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 263
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 594
Site 060 Region Achlada W Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 830
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 80 sqm +: 8x10 (possibly 2nd ruin +84: 7x12) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined 1 Masonry (type where preserved) Only some outer faces preserved (probably double row, single faced with rubble inside), unclear how many structures were houses.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Two parts, 66.200 - W: 24.000 L: E: 42.200 (strange form!) Perivolos length (km) 1,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Extensive walls surround the dwelling, no clear image which is which (eroded) Roads Road (#2) passing close to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery See also Site 60 B (few m above) Tripod legs extremely flat oval to oval section Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing close to site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, S corner of Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 60B: 30 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 300 m SW (at Site 35)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Protected, terraced langada below site. (See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis)
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 264
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 595
Site 060 B Region Achlada W Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 835
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, several rooms or buildings, very close to site 60 but with perivolos wall running between. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 162 sqm (7x13+7x5+6x6) Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 36.800 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts below ruin like a garden (carefully built walls/terraces) Roads Road (#2) passing close to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery See also Site 60 (few m below)! Tripod leg oval, banded pithos base, rounded rims Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing close to site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 60: 30 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 300 m SW (at Site 35)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Although the site is very close to Site 60, the fields in its perivolos are totally different, on a rocky plateau with slight terraces. (See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 265
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 596
Site 061 Region Pateragiorgis Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 858
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 87 sqm: (7,5x10+3x4) Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double faced, double row, including bedrock. All walls well preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 24.150 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim The little valley NE of the dwelling may have been walled (traces remaining) as garden vel sim. Roads Road (#2) passing 40 m N of site. Connecting road (#3) probable.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, at large round structure Dolonous: Small sherds (some medium fine), one grooved tripod leg, cup base Type 1,2. Scatter at oval structure 230 m N. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Amphibolite pebble at strange large Inner Perivolos.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing 40 m N of site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields road, S corner of Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 77: 110 m W Closest recent building Mitato 200 m S (at Site 35)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Some terraces on rocky level area, a fertile langada NE of site. (See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 266
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 597
Site 062 Region Ta Kapsalia – (mitato Kostis Vardas) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 903
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces at mitato/stable in use. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing Level 1 wall partly, single stones in stable wall Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 39.100 At 250 m NE of site an independent very rocky enclosed area without site: 12.300. Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Probably, but invisible through intense re-use (mitato in use). Roads Road (#2, still in use) coming up from gorge, possibly continuing S in antiquity.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval section, one medium fine rim: Pure phyllite (Haggis/Mook Class I: MM III- LM I). Bee-hive sherd medium fine Type 4 Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Amphibolite half circular tool with tubular drill slot; (in valley below) chip of poss. stone axe, dark green/brown finegrained hard stone.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2, still in use) coming up from gorge, last part visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 38B: 220 m W Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Karstic, very rocky region apart from a fertile langada S of site (cultivated until recently).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 267
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 598
Site 063 Region Pateragiorgis E Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 692
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Used as retainment wall/field. Ruin Size ca 112 sqm+: 16x7+ Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed single row, single face (with rubble on the inside) and double row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 46.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,95 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts below ruin like a garden (carefully built walls/terraces) Roads Through road (#2) passing 140 m NW. Possible connecting road small (#2-3).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs extremely flat oval to oval section, storage Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#2) passing 140 m NW. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 68: 210 m N Closest recent building Mitato 320 m SW at Site 93
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes, a moderately steep, terraced langada E of site. (See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 268
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 599
Site 064 Region Pateragiorgis Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 792
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Few oncolithic blocks scattered (unclear if originally in line, but with pottery scatter). Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing - Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 16.700 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing 30 m E of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#2) passing 30 m E of site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 52: 110 m E, 21D: 110 m SE Closest recent building Metochi at Sites 21: 140 m SW.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields The closest fertile langada NW of site is outside its perivolos, there is a fertile lakkos to N within. (See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis).
Comments Traces of a dwelling ruin are so minimal that it becomes doubtful - only the existence of the wholly preserved perivolos makes the actual existence of the site plausible.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 269
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 600
Site 065 Region Pateragiorgis W Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 860
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Used as terrace wall. Ruin Size ca 100 sqm+: 10x10?+ Ruin max. standing 1m 2-3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts N of ruin Perivolos length (km) 0,45 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Outer Perivolos turn NE of dwelling may also have enclosed a garden vel sim. Roads Unclear. Next known road (#2) 100 m N of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Unclear. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 20: 140 m E Closest recent building Mitato 270 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes, a fertile langada E next to site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 270
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 601
Site 066 Region Pateragiorgis W Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 892
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Used as terrace/retainment wall. Ruin Size ca 60 sqm+: 12x5 Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts below like a garden (carefully built walls/terraces). There might also have been a milking-mandra (unclear through intense re-use as fields). Roads Road (#2) passing close to site. Part next to ruin preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing close to site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello,Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 67: 150 m W Closest recent building Mitato 70 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 271
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 602
Site 067 Region Pateragiorgis W Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D3 Height (above sea level) 895
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca 30 sqm+: 6x5 min (possibly longer) Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 wall 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts Perivolos length (km) 0,2 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) passing 40 m N of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval (site area mostly covered in colluvial soil) Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing 40 m N of site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello parts, 67,71, 172 Closest neighbouring known sites 71: 110 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 210 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes and a fertile langada N+W of site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 272
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 603
Site 068 Region Pateragiorgis E Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6 Height (above sea level) 681
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 40 sqm: (6x6+2x2) Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ca. 49.800 (part unclear) Perivolos length (km) 1,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Below dwelling ruin several oncolithic terrace walls, possibly enclosed. Roads Through road (#2) passing 50 m S of site. Small connecting road (#3) probable.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#2) passing 50 m S of site. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 63: 210 m S Closest recent building Mitato 300 m N (at Sites 42)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Some terraced slopes and a fertile langada below in lakkos still cultivated with olives. (See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 273
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 604
Site 069 Region Pateragiorgis E Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 710
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ?1,5 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 37.500 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts possible in recent terracing Roads Road (#2) from Site 93 ending here after a long bend. Possible small road (#2-3) leading into gorge.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) from Site 93 ending here after a long bend. Visible. Possible road (#2-3) leading into gorge below. View-Visibility ?? Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 93: 230 m W Closest recent building Mitato 70 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes, a fertile langada N of site. (See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 274
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 605
Site 070 Region Pateragiorgis N Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 752
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces of small tell and walls near mitato. Ruin Size ca 56 sqm 8x7 (or larger? Unclear corners) min Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces, lots of rubble used, too
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts (it seems to have shared with 70B) Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing close to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, large fine-ware vessel with black and red- brown band decoration Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B - NE facing near slightly higher cliff edge to W, rise to E. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing close to site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Tsivi S slopes, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 70B: 180 m N, 72: 210 m SE Closest recent building Shepherd’s hut 10 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) At Flej below N, ca. 500 m Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes.
Comments E of ruin (or eastern part of ) possibly.half round
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 275
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 606
Site 070B Region Pateragiorgis N Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D3 Height (above sea level) 717
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (hidden in dense bushes) Ruin Size ca 42 sqm: 7x6 (unclear) Ruin max. standing 1m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts (it seems to have shared with 70) - long well preserved wall along the cliff Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possible court or garden between dwelling and N perivolos Roads Through road (#2) passing 40 m S of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, medium fine sherd with small Type 4 inclusions Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B - on NE looking slope close to downhill cliff edge in NW and N. Slightly higher rise to NE. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#2) passing 40 m S of site. Not visible. View-Visibility ?? Fields, road, Closest neighbouring known sites 70: 180 m S Closest recent building Shepherd’s hut 180 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) At Flej below N, ca. 300 m Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Fertile slightly slopes terraces down to cliff edge (with perivolos holding soil).
Comments Sits rather close to a cliff edge.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 276
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 607
Site 071 Region Pateragiorgis W Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D3 Height (above sea level) 916
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 42 sqm+: 7x6 +avli or second building? Ruin max. standing 1m 2-3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mainly outer faces preserved, a few blocks suggest mixed double and single row.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 63.150 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim At dwelling: Court or second building. Roads Road (#2) passing close to site. Part above ruin to N preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, storage. Seperate small scatter ca 25 m N of and 3 m above ruin: cooking, medium fine, fine ware Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing close to site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 67: 110 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 180 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Near site terraced slope, beyond rocky area in N part of perivolos fertile langada.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 277
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 608
Site 072 Region Pateragiorgis N Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4 Height (above sea level) 790
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Walls not parallel to each other or landscape (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 110 sqm: 7-10x13 Ruin max. standing 1,5 m 4 courses (1,2x0,6x0,5) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double face. All walls well preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 44.500 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possible court or garden between dwelling and SW perivolos Roads Road (#2) passing 20 m S of site. Second road (#2) 100 m SE partly well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, amphora neck (Type 4), storage, striped relief medium fine buff sherd. Seperate small scatter ca. 20 m E of and 1 m above ruin: cooking, medium fine, fine ware Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing 20 m S of site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, Tsivi S Closest neighbouring known sites 23B: 170 m E, 23: 200 m E, 70: 220 m N and 73: 270 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 210 m SE (at Site 23)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes, a fertile langada NE of site. (See the details in chapter 2 b C 5 land use, Region Pateragiorgis).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 278
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 609
Site 073 Region Pateragiorgis N Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4-5 Height (above sea level) 750
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Walls not quite parallel. (see ruin shape drawing for general size, given rectangular) Ruin Size ca 85 sqm: 6-7x13 Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 32.500 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing close to site. Part next to ruin to S preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval section (one Type 4), amphora rim (Type 2) storage, fine jug neck with rim Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: (SE-NW running, 60 m broad, 6 m deep at site): Near bottom of NE-facing side of slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing close to site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 30: 120 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 260 m W (at Site 70).
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes, a fertile terraced langada N of site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 279
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 610
Site 074 Region Achlada N (mitato Manolis Vardas) Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 758
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, in parts under old mitato, next to new mitato in use. Ruin Size ca 56 sqm: 7xca.8 Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 48.300 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Probable, but intensive re-use (in use) as mitato on two different spots around ruin during last 150 years. Roads Road (#2-3) from SW ending here.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs extremely flat oval to oval section (latter in Type 4 material) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2-3) from SW ending here. Part visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 34: 180 m W Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Some terraced slopes and a fertile langada below in lakkoi cultivated again recently for in situ fodder.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 280
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 611
Site 075 Region Achlada Kephali Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 728
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 63 sqm: 7x9 Ruin max. standing 1,7 m 3-4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed single row single face (with rubble inside) and double row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 28.600 (may have had departmentalization in two) Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing 20 m SW of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval section, storage rim (densely packed Type 4), fineware with traces of black paint/slip, larger fine vessel rim, medium fine buff material. Bright orange coarse with inclusions similar to Type 2 Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: (SE-NW running, 60 m broad, 6 m deep at site): Near bottom of SW-facing side of slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#2) passing 20 m SW of site. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 75C: 180 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 130 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Phrygana with a few kermes oaks, naturally probably light oak forest. Fields Some terraced slopes and a fertile langada next to site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 281
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 612
Site 075B Region Achlada Kephali N Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 720
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca 35 sqm min - ? Unclear what is which Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly faces preserved, but probably double row, double face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 41.500 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim At dwelling: Court or second building. Roads Unclear. Next known road (#2) 130 m W of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, one EM burnished brush- marked sherd, one cooking pot or basin base sherd Haggis/Mook class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 fragment of dark chert.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Unclear. Next known road (#2) 130 m W of site. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 75C: 100 m W Closest recent building Mitato 270 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Phrygana with a few kermes oaks, naturally probably light oak forest. Fields Some terraced slopes, a long fertile ledge to NE.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 282
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 613
Site 075C Region Achlada Kephali W Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 723
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Mostly bigger rubble, unclear (one corner possible). Ruin Size ca ?40 sqm? 8x5 Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 38.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,9 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing 10 m W of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tiny scatter in colluvial area. Small uncharacteristic sherds; medium fine Type 4. Minoan? Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#2) passing 10 m W of site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 75B: 100 m E Closest recent building Mitato 250 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Phrygana with a few kermes oaks, naturally probably light oak forest. Fields Terraced slopes.
Comments Traces of a dwelling ruin at the scatter are so minimal that it seems doubtful - only the existence of the wholly preserved perivolos defines the site.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 283
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 614
Site 075D Region Achlada Kephali N Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D7 Height (above sea level) 714
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Not quite right angles on one side (SE). Ruin Size ca 90 sqm + extensions Ruin max. standing 1,3 m - 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced with some rubble fill, extension parts 1,5 m broad in big rubble with smaller fill
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 74.500 (SE part uncertain) Perivolos length (km) 1,3 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim One probable oblong oval milking mandra, several other walled spaces surrounding ruin (well preserved). A rectangular court to N. Roads Closest known (#2) passes 250 m south.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval, most sherds containing granodiorite, medium fine 1 and 4 Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher rocks to W and NW Access Road (#3) from S visible near site, probably connected to through road (#2) over Plativolo to mountains/Katharo via Megali Limni. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 75B: 115 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 335 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Phrygana with a few kermes oaks, naturally probably light oak forest. Fields Terraced slope, some terrace walls look Bronze Age.
Comments Unusually broad rubble wall (1,5 m) as extension on S wall, part of mandra. Several inner wall parts visible
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 284
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 615
Site 076 Region Achladies SW Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D3 Height (above sea level) 1000
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Few big blocks (not clearly lined up) among rubble on little tell in carstic depression. Ruin Size ca 35/70?sqm: 7x5(10?) Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 63.600 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2-3) from E ending here.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery NO (ruin traces situated in colluvial doline and nearly covered in field clearing rubble, pottery probably buried) Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada or doline: 60 m diameter, open to NE, 28 m cliff/steep slope on N+W+S of site): Near bottom on SW side. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2-3) from E ending here. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields (few) in lakko Closest neighbouring known sites 95: 380 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 190 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Karstic, very rocky region apart from a fertile langada to S and a very fertile lakkos surrounding site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 285
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 616
Site 077 Region Pateragiorgis SW Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D5 Height (above sea level) 860
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts of walls, trapezoidally set (w large square terrace close) Ruin Size ca 74 sqm: 7/6 x 12/11 Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly outer faces preserved
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 91.700 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim ca. 120 sqm well defined court or garden above dwelling (SE). Roads Road (#2) passing 30 m N of site. Part slightly NE very well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Large amounts. Tripod legs flat oval to oval section. Cooking pot (Type 1) vel sim body sherd with knob. Pithos rims, body with light band, medium fine Type 2 jug rim with traces of black paint/slip Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position North facing, slight rise to the S. An unusual large landmark-rock rises ca.5 m at 100 m to SW. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing 30 m N of site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas peak, Mirabello parts Closest neighbouring known sites 61: 110 m E Closest recent building Metochi at Sites 21: 330 m N.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly phrygana. (Naturally mixed kermes oak forest). Fields Rocky terraced slopes with fertile lakkoi and small langades.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 286
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 617
Site 078 Region Mikri Limni Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F5 Height (above sea level) 1115
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca 56 sqm: 8x7, possibly. +72sqm (8x9), or avli Ruin max. standing 1m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved, bedrock included, too
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Various parts of probably ancient walls Perivolos length (km) 0,3 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Ca. 250 sqm of walled court vel sim below (NE) ruin Roads One of the main roads (#1-2) leads here. Used until recently.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery At site small sherds only. In path/runoff below tripod leg flat oval section, sherds. Second scatter on E side of Limni (WP -78) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada or wide doline: 75x90 m diameter at deepest point, pass to N, open to SE, 12-20 m cliff/steep slope on NE+W+S of site): Near bottom on SW side. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access One of the main roads (#1-2) leads here. Not visible. View-Visibility Limni, possibly. Fields, cisterns – without trees possibly piece of Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 87: 640 m N, 110: 660 m NE Closest recent building Mitato ruin 100 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cisterns in Limni hint at water source since ancient times. Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest Fields Very good soil in bottom of Limni, some nice terraces W above+N below.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 287
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 618
Site 079 Region Mazochordias SW Roukano Map Katharo 9633 6 Main Map E4 Height (above sea level) 1036
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind Possible traces with scatter on eroding slope. But may be no dwelling. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area None seen Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing 50 m W of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) passing 50 m W of site. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 80: 290 m N Closest recent building Far
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest Fields Rocky slopes. Close to passage to water source at Limni. Was there a dwelling at all?
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 288
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 619
Site 080 Region Mazochordias S Map Katharo 9633 6 Main Map E4 Height (above sea level) 995
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind Traces of ancient looking big blocks at mandra ruin with various field walls and Minoan pottery. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area None seen Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing 50 m E of site. Possible continuing road (if yes: #2) to W passing close to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval section Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: (SW-NE running just before it turns to N, 120 m broad, 8 m deep at site), Type 1 - in amphitheatral position. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#2) passing 50 m E of site. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 79: 290 m S Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest Fields Terraced slopes and langada close to site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 289
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 620
Site 081 Region Forest crossing Kalamavka/Malles Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J4 Height (above sea level) 987
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. with flattened “tell” part Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly faces preserved, probably single row, single face with inner rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area None seen Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim A partly preserved court-like space between ruin and modern dirt track. Roads Near crossing of roads (#1-2, where still preserved to N) Kroustas- Malles and Kroustas-Kalamafka. (No other passage to the Malles valley except via Katharo).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section (non-conical Type 2 - possible thick straight handle), mostly undefined pieces, slightly everted round rim Haggis/ Mook Class III, wiped wares Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - on a small rocky ledge in the centre of a deep valley. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Roads (#1-2) passing close (ca. 30 m to W, 70 m to N). Visible. View-Visibility Fields, 2 roads Closest neighbouring known sites KA20: 500 m Closest recent building Fieldhouses 700 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Creek has often water longer than others Vegetation Pine forest, mostly burnt in nineties Fields Terraced slopes of creek bed are best, but steeper slopes are terraced as well.
Comments Ideal position on passes, modern re-use of part of site as bee- enclosure
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 621
Site 082 Region Pano Sopata Bourdounospastis Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E7 Height (above sea level) 739
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) has a round structure like a well at court. Ruin Size ca 59 sqm+?: 5x9+3x4,5 (+3x4,5?) Ruin max. standing 1,7 m 4-5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area None seen Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) Kroustas-Pateragiorgis area passing 10 m S of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Through road (#2) passing 10 m S of site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields,road, Thylakas, Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 113: 160 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 350 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation High phrygana, (regrowing mixed kermes oak forest), traces of recent olive and field cultivation. Fields Terraced slopes, E facing, small langades. Partly steep.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 291
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 622
Site 082B I+II Region Mesa Sopata Bourdounospastis Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E7 Height (above sea level) 703
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 2 Ruin kind Oncolithic, two dwellings on both sides of road Ruin Size ca 90 sqm (9x10) + ca. 28 sqm (7xca. 4) Ruin max. standing 1 m - 2 courses (0,6 m - 2courses) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1+1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Ruin 1: Single row, single face with rubble backing (very little visible only) Ruin 2: Mixed single and double row where front only big rubble, probably originally rubble backed. Ruin 2 unclear (dwelling?).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area Perivolos length (km) Parts Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various pieces of walling preserved in the area of both ruins, but all level parts heavily re-used for agriculture recently. Roads Road (#2) passing
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Variable, both scatters are distinct (hence the idea there could have been two dwellings). Ruin 2: One piece of fineware with traces of black slip. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes to N,W, and S Access Road (#2), main connection between Kroustas and Kritsa mountain area, passing between the two ruins. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas, Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 83C: 120 m SE, 82: 130 m NW Closest recent building Recent mitato- or field-house ruin 200 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation High phrygana, (regrowing mixed kermes oak forest), traces of recent olive and field cultivation. Fields Terraced steep slopes, E facing.
Comments Dense bushy overgrowth of the region makes clear view of SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round impossible
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 623
Site 083 Region Tou Tzortzi o Prinos – sarnítsi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E7 Height (above sea level) 706
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. With half-round structure attached. Cistern to E below is said to have been „kamini“, i.e, it was already a round structure when the modern cistern was built. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 72 sqm: 8x9 Ruin max. standing 2,2 m - 5-6 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Unclear, many ancient looking terrace walls Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing 120 m N of site. Connecting road uncertain.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small sherds (dense ground cover) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#1-2) connecting 83 sites passing 30 m E. Main road (#2) 120 m N of site. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 83B: 100 m S, 83C: 130 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 270 m NE and 250 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Possibly had its own cistern. Spring at Theologos 900 m. Vegetation High phrygana, (regrowing mixed kermes oak forest), traces of recent olive and field cultivation. Fields Terraced slopes, E facing, small langades. Partly steep.
Comments S side of ruin is too overgrown to clearly judge the structures there. Rounded walls suggest ciszern or mandra.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 293
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 624
Site 083 B Region Tou Tzortzi o Prinos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E7/F7 Height (above sea level) 713
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 151 sqm: 11x14 Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 2-3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly faces preserved, probably double row, double face. Use of bedrock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area Unclear, many ancient looking terrace walls Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2) passing 200 m N of site. Connecting road uncertain.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small tripod leg oval section, rounded pot rim, various sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#1-2) connecting 83 sites passing 30 m W. Main road (#2) 200 m N of site. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 83D: 60 m SW, 83: 100 m N Closest recent building Mitato 300 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Had its own cistern. Spring at Theologos 900 m. Vegetation High phrygana, (regrowing mixed kermes oak forest), traces of recent olive and field cultivation. Fields Terraced slopes, E facing, small langades. Partly steep.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 294
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 625
Site 083 C Region Tou Tzortzi o Prinos - Sarnitsi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E7 Height (above sea level) 777
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ca. 36: 6x6 Ruin max. standing 1m Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Half of remaining structure bedrock well put to use, ramplike substructure and/or fallen rubble along S wall. Of built onc. blocks only outer faces remaining.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area Unclear, many ancient looking terrace walls, one clear perivolos part Perivolos length (km) 0,2 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts (some of the well defined terraces may have been part of garden). Roads Through road (#2) Kroustas-Pateragiorgis area passing 10 m S of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval, rounded rims, storage, dense scatter. One sherd overfired: Pottery production? One half fine sherd with typical parallel slight grooves. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Amphibolite mainly amorphous hammerstone (used on several spots) with drilled tube 2,5 cm (1 cm deep, 4 cm long), this with slight ridge on one end. Limestone oval hammerstone Type 1 (one end rounded, one V-shaped).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) passing. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 83: 130 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 150 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Had its own cistern. Spring at Theologos 900 m. Vegetation High phrygana, (regrowing mixed kermes oak forest), traces of recent olive and field cultivation. Fields Terraced slopes, E facing, small langades. Partly steep.
Comments Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 626
Site 083 D Region Tou Tzortzi o prinos (above). Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 828
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca 56 m (7x8) Ruin max. standing 0,9 m - 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly faces preserved, one wall double row double face, one large upright chunk of bedrock in S wall especially remarkable.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area None seen Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Small through road (#1-2) passing 100 m SW, road (#1-2) connecting 83 sites passing right next to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval, many pieces with grano-diorite Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#1-2) connecting 83 sites passing. Second road (#1-2) 100 m SW of site. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 83B: 60 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 250 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Had its own cistern. Spring at Theologos 900 m. Vegetation High phrygana, (regrowing mixed kermes oak forest), traces of recent olive and field cultivation. Fields Terraced slopes, E facing, small langades. Partly steep.
Comments The round structure seems to have been re-used as small mandra later: An opening made/used on E side, upper layers rebuilt with rubble.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 296
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 627
Site 084 Region Megali Limni Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F4 Height (above sea level) 1148
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ? 56 sqm: ?7x8 Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round ? Perivolos area Too intensely re-used area Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Two old passages lead here from W and NE - re-used intensely until recently (#2 roads). Possible connection to W and Katharo.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada or wide doline: 100-160 m diameter at deepest area, open/ runoff to E, 15-30 m cliff/steep slope on SW+W, 6 m to N and NE of site): Near bottom on NE side. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Two main roads (#2) lead here. Possible connection to Katharo in W. View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 84B: 30 m E; 79: 640 m NW Closest recent building Several mitata within 50m
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) 3 Big cisterns modern, but water obviously available, until recently used to water many herds when most other springs had dried up. Vegetation Lush,green, huge old trees. Fields Best soil in bottom of Limni, high mountain but flat and colluvial. Some small lakkoi in surroundings also have good soil.
Comments Best water in summer
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 297
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 628
Site 084B Region Megali Limni Map Katharo 9633 6 Main Map F4 Height (above sea level) 1150
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca 42 sqm: 7x6 Ruin max. standing 0,4 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double faced
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Too intensely re-used area Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 25 m to E other oncolithic traces - re-use too intense to see details. Roads Two old passages lead here from W and NE - re-used intensely until recently (#2 roads). Possible connection to W and Katharo.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery None seen - overgrown soil and space re-used intensively until recently as mitato/fieldhouse -court Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Steatite worked fragment (pendant part?); part of light green hard amphibolite (?) stone tool or object (several sides polished).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada or wide doline: 100-160 m diameter at deepest area, open/ runoff to E, 15-30 m cliff/steep slope on SW+W, 6 m to N and NE of site): Near bottom on NE side. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Two main roads (#2) lead here. Possible connection to Katharo in W. View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 84: 30 m W; 79: 660 m N Closest recent building Several mitata within 50m
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) 3 Big cisterns modern, but water obviously available, until recently used to water many herds when most other springs had dried up. Vegetation Lush,green, huge old trees. Fields Limni, high mountain but flat and colluvial
Comments Best water in summer. The closeness of modern mitata justifies here to see this as independent site and not part of 84.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 298
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 629
Site 085 Region Gonia Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map E3 Height (above sea level) 1004
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 183 sqm: (14x9,5+7x7+1) Ruin max. standing 2,5 m 5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row and single row double faced mixed
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 85B: 57.300 Perivolos length (km) 1,5 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing 120 m W. Probable small connecting road (#3) to S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, pithos rim (Type 2)w small holes (made before firing) in top, wide open conical cup (MM III?), wide- rimmed jar (Type 4), sherd Haggis/Mook Class III Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics - Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - in landscape recess on foot of steep slope to W. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing 120 m W. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 85B: 270 m Closest recent building Mitato ruin 150 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Oak forest (naturally) Fields Good (terraced) fields mostly, even though perivolos includes also some very rocky areas.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 299
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 630
Site 085B Region Gonia Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D3 Height (above sea level) 992
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ca. 64 sqm: 8x8 Ruin max. standing 1m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Weathered, many blocks fallen, some rubble used. Probably originally all double row double faced oncolithic foundation.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 85: 57.300 Perivolos length (km) 1,5 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing 50 m NW of site. Road part NW of site well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval, storage, various finewares. At the outside of the perivolos at what looks like a passage/opening ca. 20 m W of ruin is a small but dense pottery scatter. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - higher rise only to W and NW, N side is open slope. Overlooking much of Pateragiorgis. Lookout for 85? Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2) passing 50 m NW. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 85: 270 m, 76: 420 Closest recent building Mitato ruin 150 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Oak forest (naturally) Fields Good (terraced) fields mostly, even though perivolos includes also some very rocky areas.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 300
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 631
Site 086 Region Gonia E Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map E4/F4 Height (above sea level) 993
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, N wall as terrace wall Ruin Size ca ? 100 sqm (15x5+5x6) part of walled/rocky edge area roofed is unclear Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon ? 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few oncolithic stones visible, some rubble, slope sided wall (?) bedrock. Now filled as terrace and outer face visible, but originally probably double faced, double row oncolithic.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area None seen Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Partly visible enclosed garden or court to NW (at road) Roads Road (#2) to Megali Limni passing. Well preserved along NW inner perivolos at site. Possibly continuing to E/Site 36 (as shown on Hatt map).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg tip with granodiorite, tripod leg, pithos handle (Type 4 with dark inclusions), partly slipped cooking pot sherd. Little pottery, mostly tiny pieces. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B near bottom of E-W running valley Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#2) to Megali Limni leading up from passing W-E through road 250 m to N. Part of both visible. View-Visibility Fields, small part of Mirabello near Pseira, Fields, Pano Kastellos, Thylakas upper part. Closest neighbouring known sites 36: 180 m; 40: 280 m. Closest recent building Mitato on top of Site 172, 350 m NW.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed oak and mountain maple forest naturally Fields Perivolos position unclear, possibly including part of colluvial valley bottom.
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 632
Site 087 Region Limni SE below Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F5 Height (above sea level) 972
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Ruin well preserved on all sides (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 69 sqm: 7x6+6x4,5 Ruin max. standing 2m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced oncolithic, walls well preserved on all sides. An eastern room has been added after the first house was built.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 61.200 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 10.800 L: 370 + small court behind ruin (W) 220 L: 60 Roads Road (#2) to Megali Limni passing 150 m N. Possible small connecting road (#3) from NE-N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, most sherds on slope and terrace below, an animal figurine torso with legs folded below belly (application?) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A; slightly raised area to NW, ruin tucked into small rocky recess. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) to Megali Limni passing 150 m N. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 58: 390 m NE Closest recent building Mitato at Site 58 400 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest Fields Some terraces in between rocky areas, some small fertile lakkoi and langades.
Comments
Bibliography
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PDF 302
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 633
Site 088 Region Achlada Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 755
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Walls survived in part as terrace-walls. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 159 sqm: (11x11+3x12,5) Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Ruin constitutes a terrace wall now, lower E wall outer oncolithic face well preserved with setback at corner. Inner face unclear, possibly rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 46.300 (some parts uncertain) Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possible behind ruin on same shelf Roads Road (#2) passing 50 m S of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, small sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing 50 m S of site. Part in valley below visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 74: 210 m N Closest recent building Mitato at Site 74 (200 m N)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest Fields Some terraces, large part of fertile valley below (recently cultivated again for in situ fodder).
Comments hill-side wall non existent, but perpendicular walls seem whole.
Bibliography
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PDF 303
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 634
Site 089 Region Roukouna Argoulidiá Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6-7 Height (above sea level) 601
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 130 sqm: 10x13 Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Probably originally double row double faced, but now mainly parts of the outer faces preserved (mostly 1 course, apart from highest corner). Cornerstones especially big and in situ.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts at road Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing 90 m NW of site. Connecting small road (#3) probable.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, few sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2) passing 90 m NW of site. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 90: 200 m S Closest recent building Mitato at Sites 42 340 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest Fields Some terraces above site (belonging here?), below very steep forested slope only for browsing
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 304
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 635
Site 090 Region Argoulidiá Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C6-7 Height (above sea level) 636
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts + rubble Ruin Size ca ? 28 sqm: 7x?4 Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Part of N wall preserved (outer face), probably originally double row, double faced oncolithic.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Uncertain parts (some may have belonged to 28) Perivolos length (km) 0,9 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing close to site (W).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2) passing close to site (W). Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 89: 200 m N; 42D: 220 m W Closest recent building Mitato at Sites 42 300 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest Fields Some terraces above site (belonging here?), below very steep forested slope only for browsing
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 305
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 636
Site 091 Region Babakia Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map C3-4 Height (above sea level) 753
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 90 sqm: 9x10 Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Eroded, mainly outer faces preserved with some large blocks and lots of rubble (from the suroundings) covering the ruin. Available material in surroundings seems the same as the stones in ruin, hence many bigger rubble pieces originally used in masonry.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round ? Perivolos area None seen Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing close to site (SE). Well preserved at site, vanishing to N - possible through road to 10 sites/Voina?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various small sherds, one piece fine burnish in and out (EM?), fineware red (1?) a storage handle. A Venetian sherd also seen! Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing close to site (SE). Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 14: 290 m W Closest recent building Bambakia mitato ruins 200 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest, some wild olive. Fields Rather rocky area, below E some nices terraces close to site.
Comments Several round structures close, 3-8 m Φ inside, some probably (re-) used as alonia, the smallest a round heap of stones with rubble fallen inside
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 637
Site 092 Region Pateragiorgis NE Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map C5 Height (above sea level) 701
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts and rubble, overgrown, (2 rooms?) (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 40 sqm: 8x5 Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly hidden in dense bushes. Site looks like a small tell or high terrace with some outer oncolithic faces preserved, probably originally double faced, double row masonry.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Weird long shape (may have been inner p.): 9.400, outer area unclear Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Garden (?) terraces below ruin Roads Two roads (#2) close - unclear how they were connected to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) One grayish chert blade.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Unclear, both possibilities at ca. 50 m from Site. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 51B: 340 m S Closest recent building Mitato at Site 54 330 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) To Flej springs/wells at ca. 400 m W Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest Fields Some terraced slopes.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 638
Site 093 Region Pateragiorgis SE Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6 Height (above sea level) 760
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces among rubble, overgrown. Ruin Size ca ?48 sqm: 8x6 Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly hidden in dense bushes. Some oncolithic blocks among rubble suggests an inner row of rubble with outer oncolithic face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 57.800 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing close to site (W). Part N of site well preserved with two side walls and including raised shape and fill.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various small sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position On the slighly rised highest rocky point of a small plateau, with a higher slope to W and NW. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2) passing close to site, visible on both sides. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 59: 120 m SW Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak forest Fields Level area surrounding site has slight terraces, fertile lakkos to NW
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 639
Site 094 Region Below Astividopo Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D2 Height (above sea level) 1000
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Well preserved, nearly whole, some huge boulders (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 49 sqm: 7x7 Ruin max. standing 1,7 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double faced. An opening in one wall looks like recent “doulapi”.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 12.000 (small but mostly well visible (N part missing) Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Small courtlike space W of ruin Roads Road (#2) from W ending at site. Through road (#1 kalderimi Kritsa- Katharo) passing 50 m S and E, but beyond a small gorge. Possible connection there along NW perivolos.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various small sherds, red fineware (Type 1) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B. Near the foot of Katharo Tsivi. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) from W ending at site, only end visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello small part Closest neighbouring known sites 41: 210 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 400 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed cypress and kermes oak forest. Fields Some terraces on rocky slopes, lakkoi in the area look fertile.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 640
Site 095 Region Above Achladies Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D2 Height (above sea level) 975
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Badly preserved next to Kalderimi, Evans’ “wall”; very long compared to breadth - court included in foundation? (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 144 sqm: 9x16 Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mainly parts of outer face preserved, few large blocks seem to have had an inner face, too. Originally probably mixed double and single row double faced.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 55.100 Perivolos length (km) 0,9 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Ca. 3200 sqm, various subdivisions, exact shapes unclear (overgrown). Roads On through road (#1 kalderimi Kritsa-Katharo).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various small sherds Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B. Near the foot of Katharo Tsivi. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access On through road. Long part visible. View-Visibility On road (broadside) Closest neighbouring known sites 94: 280 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 280 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed cypress and kermes oak forest. Fields Even steep parts of slopes terraced, some good fields in a langada S of site at edge of perivolos.
Comments
Bibliography Evans 1895 (Brown 2001:205)
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Site 097 Region Sélli (pass from Limni) Map Katharo 9633 6 Main Map F1 Height (above sea level) 1409
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic wall parts, rubble used. Eroded. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 31 sqm: 3x5+4x4 Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Some outer blocks hint at original outer face, possibly inner face rubble (lots of rubble inside ruin).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 31.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,95 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) from SE ending (? area very eroded) at site. Road #2, ancient?) coming from Megali Limni to Katharo passing 200 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few small pieces with Minoan fabric - strong erosion Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Oriented to SW, on edge of high ledge overlooking Katharo plain to W and SW - special function? On the W side of watershed. Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) Dramatically open to W, protection on all other sides. Access From probable through road (#2) 200 m S. only lower part to SW visible. View-Visibility Fields, Katharo, Not pass! Closest neighbouring known sites (uncatalogued site in Katharo: 670 m SW) Closest recent building Mitato/field house 120 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Year round water bearing cisterns and wells all around. Vegetation High mountain phrygana, some kermes oaks at protected spots. Very clayey, water holding soil. Fields Because of the humidity and high altitude probably fertile untl late - a long langada from SE to NW.
Comments Extremely high altitude, similar for known Minoan sites only to the caves on Mt. Ida.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 642
Site 098 Region Stous Asfendamous Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7 Height (above sea level) 795
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 56 sqm 8x7 Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed single and double row, but mostly outer row/face preserved. Huge blocks.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 22.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts below ruin (E) Roads Several roads (#2) 25-30 m from site, one through road (Kroustas- Katharo via Asfendamous), part of road next to site well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Only one sherd seen 70 m below (dense ground cover, area below: Soil colluvial in patches behind perivolos) Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) 30 m E. Road (#2) passing site N (to fields?) partly visible. Road (#2) passing site to SW partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 173: 140 m Closest recent building Mitato 300 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced langades, slopes and fertile colluvial depressions in between very rocky surroundings.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 643
Site 099 A Region Stous Asfendamous Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7-8 Height (above sea level) 794
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 123 sqm (9x13+1,5x5) Ruin max. standing 2,2 m 5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double row, double face and single row with rubble backface. Several huge blocks, all carefully chosen to produce a smooth surface. Large block: 2,2x1,0x0,6m. The whole ruin appears as walls in the 1:5000 map.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area 8 shared perivoloi (between 6 sites): ca. 131.100 Perivolos length (km) 4,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 760 sqm Roads Several roads (#2) within 50 m of site, one through road (Kroustas- Katharo via Asfendamous), several parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, various small pieces, straight-sided cup. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) 100 m SE with various connecting roads (#2) leading up to 99 sites. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello,Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 99C+B: 40 m S Closest recent building Mitato 500 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced langades, slopes and fertile colluvial depressions in between very rocky surroundings.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 644
Site 099 C + B Region Stous Asfendamous Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7-8 Height (above sea level) 792, B: 790
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 2 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 99 sqm (9x11) B: 30 sqm (6x5) Ruin max. standing 2,5 m 5 courses; B: 1,7m, 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1+1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) In C mixed single row and double row double faced, (rubble backface behind that partly preserved). In B partly double faced double row, partly out-faced single row with fallen rubble backface.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area 8 shared perivoloi (between 6 sites): ca. 131.100 Perivolos length (km) 4,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 2900 sqm Roads Several roads (#2) within 50 m of site, one through road (Kroustas- Katharo via Asfendamous), several parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval + oval section, storage, medium fine Type 4 pieces, one with black painted stripes, fine small and larger vessels, one red medium fine Type 1 straight-sided cup Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) C: Chip from an intense olive-green (amphibolite?), highly polished on two faces with a short fragment of sharp edge object (axe?)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) 100 m SE with various connecting roads (#2) leading up to 99 sites. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 99: 40 m N Closest recent building Mitato 500 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced langades, slopes and fertile colluvial depressions in between very rocky surroundings.
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 645
Site 099 D Region Stous Asfendamous Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7-8 Height (above sea level) 779
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 150 sqm 16x8+4x4+small parts Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined 1 Masonry (type where preserved) Probably originally double row double faced, but now mainly the outer faces preserved. Most walls standing.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 8 shared perivoloi (between 6 sites): ca. 131.100 Perivolos length (km) 4,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 3300 sqm Roads Several roads (#2) within 50 m of site, one through road (Kroustas- Katharo via Asfendamous), several parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Very little pottery near ruin (colluvial terrace with no further slope right below). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) 100 m SE with various connecting roads (#2) leading up to 99 sites. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 99F: 40 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 500 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced langades, slopes and fertile colluvial depressions in between very rocky surroundings.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 646
Site 099 E Region Stous Asfendamous Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7-8 Height (above sea level) 780
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 63 sqm: 7x9 (+possibly small other room or terrace) Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined ? possibly. attached other room(s?) Masonry (type where preserved) The least preserved on the surface 99 ruin. Only parts of oncolithic outer row and faces preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area 8 shared perivoloi (between 6 sites): ca. 131.100 Perivolos length (km) 4,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 2350 sqm Roads Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous passing 10 m SE of site. Parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, some medium fine material Type 4, straight-sided cup base. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous passing 10 m SE of site. Well visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 99C+B: 80 m N Closest recent building Mitato 500 m W, 450 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced langades, slopes and fertile colluvial depressions in between very rocky surroundings.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 647
Site 099 F Region Stous Asfendamous Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7-8 Height (above sea level) 775
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 48 sqm 6x7-9 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2-3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined ? Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face walls (all preserved). Only known in the area ruin with smaller stones underneath large blocks (but not a single NP sherd on the surface below).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 8 shared perivoloi (between 6 sites): ca. 131.100 Perivolos length (km) 4,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 3800 sqm. Roads Several roads (#2) within 50 m of site, one through road (Kroustas- Katharo via Asfendamous), several parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Pottery only below site NE may also have come from 99D. Tripod legs flat oval section, storage, rounded rims, straight-sided cup base. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) 100 m SE with various connecting roads (#2) leading up to 99 sites. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 99D: 40 m W Closest recent building Mitato 500 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced langades, slopes and fertile colluvial depressions in between very rocky surroundings.
Comments
Bibliography
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Site 100 -100B Region Tafos Karakovili Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 775
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 5 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Massive eastern ruin, plus several buildings on two sides of a “central” court. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 302 sqm in at least 5 adjacent ruins (100: 77 sqm 7x11)(100B1: 48sqm 6x8) (100B2:56 sqm 7x8) (100B3:35 sqm 7x5) (100B4:77 sqm+ 9sqm: 7x11 + 3x3) Ruin max. standing 2,5 m 5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined 1 Masonry (type where preserved) A: Mixed double and single row, double faced. B: Double row, double face, some with rubble filling. Only few of the many walls clearly discernable within fallen stones (lots of rubble, too).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round uu Perivolos area 94.400 Perivolos length (km) 1,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various (many) inner wallings, unclear in detail due to recent re-use of area by mitato. Roads Road (#2) passing 20 m SE of site. Second road (#2) meeting first at 120 m SW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section (some huge), 2 with two grooves; storage: Pithos spout, lots of pithos rims and (profiled) bases. medium fine handle grooved (4) on top with deep finger- imprint underneath showing traces of 2 grooves from below. medium fine (Type 4) jug neck and rims, straight-sided cup base, large fine sherds (1cm thick). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Stone vase fragment (with handle); steatite traces, a brownish oblong sandstone polisher with high sheen (or very well used whetstone? Cf. 119).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position 100 oriented to NE on small ledge, 100B sitting on small surrounded by rocks on 120° plateau behind. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing 20 m SE of site. Second road (#2) meeting first at 120 m SW. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 102: 250 m SW Closest recent building At site
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ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Two oncolithic cisterns Φ 6+5m Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced langades, slopes and fertile colluvial depressions in between very rocky surroundings.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 650
Site 101 Region Koufalotos Lakkos SE Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 855
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 44 sqm: (4x5,5+4x5,5) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, possibly with rubble inside, nearly exclusively outer faces preserved only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a? Perivolos area Shared (by 101-109-120-121-127) 141.000 Perivolos length (km) 2,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim parts visible Roads Two of the E-W connecting roads (#2) between the Kroustas S and N routes close: one passing to NE, the other turning to W at site, running along ruin (well preserved).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small pieces only at bulldozed spot S of ruin. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Rocky half of saddle (NW-SE) - on the edge of a plateau, like the other sites sharing the same perivolos. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Two of the E-W connecting roads (#2) between the Kroustas S and N routes close: one passing to NE, the other turning to W at site, running along ruin. Both well visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 125: 100 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 130 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Kampos Rodares: Large nearly flat field area with slight terraces following few rocky outcrops.
Comments
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Site 102 Region Tafos Karakovili W Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 816
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Smallest ruin of all. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 12 sqm: 4x3 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 46: 58.650 Perivolos length (km) 1,9 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing 40 m SW of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small pieces only at few spots without ground-cover (area below ruin colluvial, pottery probably buried). Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Facing to N. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2) passing 40 m SW of site. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road above? Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 174B: 100 m W Closest recent building Mitato 250 m NE (at Site 100)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields small fields between rocks below
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 652
Site 103 Region Fortezza Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 840
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Not well preserved (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 40 sqm: 8x5 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Originally probably mixed double and single row, double faced, now mainly eroded, fallen blocks apart from E wall.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 33.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Unclear. Closest road (#2-3) path possibly leading to Site 46, now visible until 100 m from 103.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, medium fine material Type 1 and 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A (rise to W only) Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Unclear View-Visibility Fields, road below? Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 46: 70 m W Closest recent building Mitato 340 m SE (at site 47)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak and pine forest Fields Terraced slope, some colluvial derpressions with good soil.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 653
Site 104 Region Plati Volokritsas (Mitato Maria Korafas) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 598
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, well preserved. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 112 sqm: (11x11 - 3x3) Ruin max. standing 0,9 m - 2-3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double faced. Krepidoma below N wall.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts (unclear) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Small courtlike space W of ruin Roads Through road (#2, Kroustas towards W, Limni, Pateragiorgis) passing 120 m N. Partly preserved NW of 104B.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, small sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#2) passing 120 m N. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road below, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 104B: 130 m N, 162: 250 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 130 m N (at 104 B)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Recently grown high phrygana (naturally probably open evergreen mixed oak-wild olive forest) Fields fields around, possibly garden below
Comments
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Site 104 B Region Plati Volokritsas (Mitato Maria Korafas) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 580
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. One wall (part?) and traces of others preserved. Ruin Size ca ? 40 sqm: 8x6 Ruin max. standing 1,5 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer face of N wall preserved as high retaining wall, probably originally mixed double and single row double faced.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts (unclear) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2, Kroustas towards W, Limni, Pateragiorgis) passing close. Partly preserved W of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval+oval, small sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#2, Kroustas towards W, Limni, Pateragiorgis) passing close. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 104: 130 m S Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) - modern(only?) cistern next to ruin Vegetation Recently grown high phrygana (naturally probably open evergreen mixed oak-wild olive forest), some almond. Fields Terraced slope, some colluvial derpressions with good soil.
Comments
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Site 105 Region Plati Volokritsas Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 621
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Partly filled with rubble. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 60 sqm: (7x5 + 5x5) Ruin max. standing 1,7 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Probably originally single row, single faced (crumbling, mostly only outer face intact), inner face must have been rubble (ruin nearly rubble filled with denser packing near outer walls).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 42.900 Perivolos length (km) 0,80 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Larger garden-like enclosed space E of ruin (ca. 500 sqm). Other walls partly visible. Roads Road (#2) passing 15 m W. Parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A /B (rise to W close, to NW at ca. 500m) Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing 15 m W. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 105 B: 115 m SE, 208: 230 m N Closest recent building Mitata 300 m NE, 330 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Recently grown high phrygana (naturally probably open evergreen mixed oak-wild olive forest) Fields Soft slope with terraces inbetween rocky patches
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 656
Site 105 B Region Plati Volokritsas Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 640
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ca. 50 sqm: (4-5x10) Ruin max. standing 0,5 m - 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) At a few spots double row, double faced (not well preserved), intense use of bedrock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 44.550 Perivolos length (km) 0,65 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Larger garden-like enclosed space NNE of ruin (ca. 500 sqm). Other walls partly visible. Roads Through road (#2) passing 80 m W of site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Very coarse pithos rim, some fineware, more buff sherds than usual. One burnished type 2 sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A (rising ground to NW at 150 m) Strategical Position Not defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Slight protection to NW by rise. Access Probably from through road 80 m W. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas, Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 105: 115 m NW, 107: 140 m SE Closest recent building Mitata 330 m NE, 350 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Recently grown high phrygana (naturally probably open evergreen mixed oak-wild olive forest) Fields Soft slope with terraces inbetween rocky patches
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 657
Site 106 Region Kithio NW, Sta Stena Potamia Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 780
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing of upper part, the lower part is unclear). Ruin Size ca 42 sqm (+?): 7x6 + broken off second room? Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Upper part (room?) double face double row, lower part probably originally the same. The amount of rubble suggests filling of foundation.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Sum of two 65.800: small 6300, big 59.500 Perivolos length (km) 1,15 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim The S separate perivolos may have had Inner Perivolos function (e.g. garden vel sim). Roads Road (#2) passing close, goes on to Mikri Limni. Parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small pieces only visible (ground cover 95%) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing close, goes on to Mikri Limni. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road? Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 106N: 130 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 400 m NE (at Site 116)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Small square cistern(?) at dwelling ruin. Vegetation Recently grown high phrygana (naturally probably open evergreen mixed oak-wild olive forest) Fields Terraced slopes and fertile colluvial depressions.
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Site 106 B Region Kithio NW Sta Stena Potamia Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 784
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Rubble inside. Ruin Size ca ca 30 sqm: 7x3-5 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row, single face with inner rubble layer (?) or possibly filling.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 17.900 Perivolos length (km) 0,55 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing 80 m S, goes on to Mikri Limni. Parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few small pieces only. (Suggested as habitation site mainly because of ist position in ist own perivolos). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing 80 m S. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road? Closest neighbouring known sites 106: 130 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 400 m NE (at Site 116)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Small square cistern(?) at dwelling ruin. Vegetation Recently grown high phrygana (naturally probably open evergreen mixed oak-wild olive forest) Fields Terraced slopes and fertile colluvial depressions.
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 659
Site 107 Region SW of 104 Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 639
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 56 sqm: 7x8 Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Partly single row double faced, partly only outer face preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 58.800 (tentative as E part is uncertain among many terrace walls) Perivolos length (km) 1,15 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) passing 140 m W. Connecting road (#2-3) from SW. Parts preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing 140 m W, not visible. Connecting road (#2-3) from SW partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road? Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 215: 250 m W; 105: 260 m N Closest recent building Fieldhouse 310 m E (near Site 162)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Recently grown high phrygana (naturally probably open evergreen mixed oak-wild olive forest) Fields Soft slope with terraces inbetween rocky patches, some colluvial depressions
Comments
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Site 108 -108 B Region Stin Argoulida Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G8 Height (above sea level) 724, 732
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 2 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Huge stones. B: Group of buildings in a connected line. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 96 sqm: 8x12; B: ca.280 sqm: (7x7+7x10+8x8+8x12+) Ruin max. standing 2,5 m 2-3 courses; B: 2 m 3-4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined 1 Masonry (type where preserved) Part double row, double face, part single row single face with (crumbled) rubble inner face. Large block in 108: 2x1,2x0,8-1m= 2 cubic meters.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 142.000 Perivolos length (km) 2,65 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Court-like square creates enclosed space between the two, ca. 130 sqm. Roads Road (#2) to 99-sites and further on Katharo passing close (10 m W). Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Trapeza passing 100 m N. Parts preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval+oval, storage various kinds, medium fine (Type 4) slipped (brown) and (Type 2) slipped (light brown) cooking ware, medium fine (Type 4) conical cup. B: Very large flat oval section tripod legs, storage: body sherd (Type 4) with two light parallel bands, medium fine (Type 4) sherds, fine: conical cup, straight-sided cup, bridge-spouted jar rim, everted rim with traces of black paint/ slip outside Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth 1 (B) Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) One obsidian blade.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) to 99-sites and further on Katharo passing close (10 m W), visible from both. Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Trapeza passing 100 m N, visible only from 108. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 99D: 310 m S Closest recent building Mitato 230 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) in valley N below at mitato cistern (ancient?)
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Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak, mountain maple, few wild olives. Now mainly high phrygana (frequent shepherds’ fires). Fields Terraced langades, slopes and fertile colluvial depressions in between very rocky surroundings.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 662
Site 109 Region Koufalotos Lakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7 Height (above sea level) 850
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 35 sqm: 7x5 Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer row (with part of face) preserved, rest unclear (overgrown, ruin filled with soil).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared (by 101-109-120-121-127) 141.000 Perivolos length (km) 2,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Several inner walls well preserved. One enclosure oval like milking mandra. Roads Road (#2, here partly #1!) passing close. Well preserved broad part N of site. Special function?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small juglet roundish section tripod leg with base (φ ca. 7cm, medium fine Type 4) preserving three leg stumps, thick jug body sherd with painted dark motif (pi-like with three downstrokes preserved). Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau - on the edge of a plateau, like the other sites sharing the same perivolos. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing, well visible extra broad part to N. View-Visibility Fields, road? Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 127: 180 m W Closest recent building Mitato 130 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Kampos Rodares: Large nearly flat field area with slight terraces following few rocky outcrops.
Comments
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Site 110 Region Mavros dasos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F6 Height (above sea level) 920
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, hidden beween rocks on small saddle. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 49 sqm: 7x7 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Partly double row, double faced, other parts double or single row with rubble facing inside (rubble inside ruin).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Small courtlike space S of ruin Roads Unclear
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various small sherds. Cooking ware sherd Haggis/Mook class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Unclear View-Visibility Fields (few). Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 111: 200 m E Closest recent building Mitato ruin 200 m E (at Site 111)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak and mountain maple in very rocky surroundings. Fields Terraced fertile langada, some colluvial depressions.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 664
Site 111 Region Tou Nikifóro to kamini (SE below Mikri Limni) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 860
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. One corner rebuilt to small mandra (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 99 sqm: 9x11 Ruin max. standing 0,9 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Several walls with one row with outer face preserved, inner layer probably rubble
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area parts Perivolos length (km) 0,25 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Space to SW recent re-use. Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Unclear
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section. Small sherds (dense ground cover). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Unclear View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 110: 200 m W, 117: 200 m NE Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak and mountain maple in very rocky surroundings. Fields colluvial depressions and some terraced slope.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 665
Site 112 Region Voulismata NE Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 744
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Nearly destroyed, one wall remains Ruin Size ca ? Over 40 Ruin max. standing 0,7 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) One row with outer face preserved (partly), inner layer probably rubble (large amounts of rubble at ruin)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Small parts seen Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing close. Parts preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing close. Parts visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 117: 190 m SW Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak and mountain maple in very rocky surroundings. Fields colluvial depressions and some terraced slope.
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 666
Site 113 Region N of Voulismata Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E7 Height (above sea level) 779
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 45 sqm: 5x9 Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of double row, double faced walls preserved, but mostly only outer face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts Perivolos length (km) 0,3 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing close. Parts preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various small sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2) passing close. Parts visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 82: 160 m NE Closest recent building New mitato 290 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak and mountain maple in very rocky surroundings. Fields Fertile colluvial depressions (partly terraced).
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 336
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 667
Site 114 Region Voulismata NE Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 692
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, with oncolithic cistern ca. 30 m to SE. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 60 sqm: 12x5 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed single and double row, but mostly outer row/face preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a? Perivolos area Small parts seen (very overgrown region) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) passing 80 m SE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval (one with ridge) and oval section, storage Type 3. One extremely flat oval (soft) tripod leg nearly pure phyllite like Haggis/Mook Class I. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing 80 m SE. Parts visible. View-Visibility Fields, road? Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 116: 160 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 290 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) BA cistern at slope below site- Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak and mountain maple in very rocky surroundings. Fields Fertile colluvial depressions (partly terraced). Terraced slope.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 337
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 668
Site 115 Region Voulismata NE Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 660
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, parts, one wall 8+meters. Ruin Size ca ? Over 50 Ruin max. standing 1m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single big blocks forming a kind of raised edge with flat top in the landscape.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Small parts seen (very overgrown region) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Possible road (#2-3) leading to site from N. Next certain road 200 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage, one thick body sherd Haggis/ Mook Class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Unworked fragments of steatite.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Uncertain. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 114: 210 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 370 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak and mountain maple in very rocky surroundings. Fields Fertile colluvial depressions (partly terraced). Terraced slope.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 338
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 669
Site 116 Region Voulismata NE Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 676
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Ruin visible under/in N wall of recent mitato and partly as terrace to E. Ruin Size ca ? 77 sqm 7x11 Ruin max. standing Only 1 course partly preserved under/outside of mitato wall Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Some big blocks recognizable forming the terrace edge on which a recent mitato was built.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Seen some parts above SW Perivolos length (km) 0,2 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Ca. 100 sqm of enclosure traces S of mitato (looks like terrace at first gaze). Roads Road (#2) passing 20 m SW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few pieces (ground cover). Cooking, storage. Fineware sherd with traces of black slip/paint inside. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing 20 m SW. Partly visible? View-Visibility Fields, road? Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 114: 160 m NW, 216: 330 m SE Closest recent building Mitato on top of ruin, mandra 40 m NW.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cistern at Sites 114 and 216, the modern mitato has a cistern at mandra, 40 m NW of ruin. Vegetation Mixed with almond open kermes oak and mountain maple in very rocky surroundings. Fields Lightly sloped terraced fields around site
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 339
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 670
Site 117 Region Voulismata N Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 789
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Two parts attached. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 120 sqm 8x11+8x5 Ruin max. standing 1m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Traces of mixed double and single row walls with extensive use of bedrock. Either several buildings or with extensive inner enclosure parts.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Seen some parts above S Perivolos length (km) 0,35 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) leading up and ending at site from NE along perivolos. Next road at 160 m E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds (dense ground cover). Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) leading up and ending at site from NE along perivolos. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 112: 190 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 190 m N (at Site 112)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed with almond open kermes oak and some wild olive in very rocky surroundings. Fields Fertile colluvial depressions (partly terraced). Terraced slope.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 340
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 671
Site 118 Region Tafos W Forest Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 883
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, complicated shape adapted to raised saddle in forest, only two right angles. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca 94 sqm (4x10+8x6/2+10x6/2) complicated, measured in trigons Ruin max. standing 1,8 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed single and double row walls, two faces preserved in parts. Some rubbel used, too.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Uncertain, possibly 70.000 (but part of a dividing perivolos to N suggests there might have been an undiscovered site within part of this forested area!) Perivolos length (km) 1,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Ca. 1300 sqm inner perivolos, no further divisions visible. Roads Road (#2) from E and continuing to N passing 20 m below ruin. Connecting small uphill road (#2-3) partly preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage, one handle Haggis/ Mook class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected on all sides except S. Access Road (#2) from E and continuing to N passing 20 m below ruin. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 118B: 70 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 190 m NE (at Site 124).
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak and pine forest. Fields rTerraced slopes, fertile round doline below.
Comments
Bibliography Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 341
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 672
Site 118 B Region Tafos W Forest Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 890
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, small (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 24 sqm 4x6 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced walls with probable rubble filling. Unusually small building.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 18.700 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Ca. 1400 sqm inner perivolos, no further divisions visible. Roads Uncertain - via 118?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few pieces only. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected on all sides except S. Access Uncertain . View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 118: 70 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 240 m E (at Site 124).
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak and pine forest. Fields Well terraced hillside
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 342
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 673
Site 119 Region Rodares Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G6 Height (above sea level) 910
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 130 sqm 10x13 Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Disturbed through recent re-use, originally probably all double row double faced as on preserved parts.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area 25.100 Perivolos length (km) 1,25 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 5400 sqm inner perivolos with three small partitions within, like mandres (largest ca. 120 sqm) Roads Road (#2, partly #1) passing 70 m to N. Second road (#2) from E. Parts well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 obsidian blade, fragment of lengthy-oval polisher (or very well used whetstone? Cf. 100)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2, partly #1) passing 70 m to N. Second road (#2) from E. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, mandra, without trees E Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 119B: 70 m W Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Unclear round structure (possible cistern, a modern one is also close) touching ruin Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes and fertile langades.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 343
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 674
Site 119B Region Rodares Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G6 Height (above sea level) 911
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 35 sqm 7x5 Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Eroded, mainly outer faces preserved. Inner face possibly rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area 58.000 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts Roads Road (#2, partly #1) passing close. Well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Cooking and storage sherds. One thick fine sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2, partly #1) passing close. Well visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 119: 70 m E Closest recent building Mitato 80 m E (at Site 119)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced slopes and fertile langades.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 344
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 675
Site 120 Region Rodares Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map H6-7 Height (above sea level) 881
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 93 sqm (8x6+9x5) Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Probably single row, single face with inner rubble face (uphill parts partly covered with soil). The possible re-use in LM III does not seem to have affected outer walls (where visible).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared (by 101-109-120-121-127) 141.000 Perivolos length (km) 2,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Overgrown, but various oncolithic structures surround the dwelling ruin. Roads Through road (#2, Tafos area’s connection to Katharo via Trapeza) passing 15 m SW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval, oval and round (! LM III: Type 2, but looks harder than the older version). One extremely flat but still nearly pure phyllite inclusions (see site 114 - also PP shape) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - the only site sharing one perivolos that is not situated on the edge of the central plateau. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides Access Through road (#2, Tafos area’s connection to Katharo via Trapeza) passing 15 m SW. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, E Mirabello without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 121: 80 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 170 m NW (at Site 119)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Fertile langada and slopes well terraced.
Comments
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 345
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 676
Site 121 Region Koufalotos Lakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 863
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts, with big rubble, eroded. Ruin Size ca 56 sqm 7x8 Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Probably single row, single face with inner rubble face, extensive use of bedrock as oncolithic elements.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared (by 101-109-120-121-127) 141.000 Perivolos length (km) 2,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Inner enclosure ca. 100 sqm (directly N of ruin on upper terrace level). Roads Through road (#2, Tafos area’s connection to Katharo via Trapeza) passing 20 m SW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few pieces (dense ground cover). Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - on the edge of a plateau, like the other sites sharing the same perivolos. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides Access Through road (#2, Tafos area’s connection to Katharo via Trapeza) passing 20 m SW. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road ?(trees) Closest neighbouring known sites 120: 80 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 250 m NW (at Site 119)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Fertile langada near site plus Kampos Rodares: Large nearly flat field area with slight terraces following few rocky outcrops.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 346
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 677
Site 122 Region Tafos W Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 835
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts, the main structure seems to have been rebuilt later with rubble in upper layers. Ruin Size ca ?ca. 38 sqm 7x5,5 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only parts of lower courses with outer face look ancient. If the rubble used for rebuilding came from the ruin a single row, single face with inner rubble layer could be suggested.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 12.500 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Two round enclosures close to site, like mandres, one rectangular to SE. Roads Possible road (#2) leading to site from W. Next certain road 130 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod flat oval section, rounded rim (cooking ware), storage, straight-sided cup. One sherd Haggis/Mook class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - just W of a slight knoll-top. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Possible road (#2) leading to site from W. Next certain road 130 m S. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 128B: 100 m S Closest recent building Mitato/fieldhouse 190 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed kermes oak and pine forest. Fields Fertile langades and colluvial depressions in very rocky surroundings.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 347
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 678
Site 123 Region Tafos Fortezza Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 850
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 56 sqm 7x8 Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 3-4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face where preserved, outer stones slightly more massive than inner.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 48.400 Perivolos length (km) 1,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possibly a small court N next to dwelling ruin- Roads Road (#2-3) from NW possibly ending at site. Partly preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg extreme flat section with ridge. Storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2-3) from NW possibly ending at site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 211: 120 m N Closest recent building Mitato 190 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed kermes oak and pine forest. Fields Fertile doline to E, slope below to S terraced.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 348
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 679
Site 124 Region Tafos W Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 870
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, parts reused in mitato-ruin below. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 72 sqm 6x12 Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only parts of outer face preserved (level area of ruin looks like a terrace now)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Unclear due to bulldozed tracks - possibly shared with 129: 72.600 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Recent mandres next to dwelling ruin look in traces BA. Roads General situation unclear (intense re-use), but road (#2) from W certain.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, various small sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) from W certain. Parts visible. View-Visibility Road, mandra, ?(trees) Closest neighbouring known sites 125B: 110 m, 132: 120 m Closest recent building Mitato ruin: 20 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed kermes oak and pine forest. Fields Terraced slopes and depressions W+E of site
Comments In the middle of the ruin seem to be flagstones. Very close to recent mitato/mandres, parts of the mandres look ancient in the lowest courses.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 349
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 680
Site 125 Region Tafos NW Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 840
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. On cliff with (drainage?) opening in lowest layer. Ruin Size ca 70 (+ 25?)sqm 7x10 (+5x5 in extension?) Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double face and parts rubble filled. Outer blocks larger than inner.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 17.500 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Oblong enclosure (milking mandra?) NE of dwelling ruin ca. 170 sqm Roads Small road (#2-3) passing close. Through road (#2) 30 m S, both well preserved near site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Flat oval tripod leg section, storage: pithos rim with double light/ fine band, one finger-impressed Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Small road (#2-3) passing close. Through road (#2) 30 m S, both visible. View-Visibility Roads, fields, Fortezza, Thylakas peak Closest neighbouring known sites 101: 100 m NW; 132: 130 m S Closest recent building Mitato 120 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak, pine and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Fertile colluvial soil in well protected valley/langada below cliff with dwelling.
Comments Amazingly set like balancing on cliff edge.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 350
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 681
Site 125 B Region Tafos NW Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 854
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, filled with rubble. Dwelling ruin? Ruin Size ca 42 sqm 7x6 Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer face visible only (rubble fill). A lot of rubble in the surroundings - all from fill?
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Sits within 125 perivolos Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads On connecting road (#2) between the Kroustas S and N routes to Katharo. Well preserved at site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery No pottery near ruin or downhill below (for ca.15 m). Beyond that and slightly uphill lies 132’s scatter (visible at bulldozed road only). Habitation? Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: (SW-NE running, 60 m broad, 6 m deep at site): Near bottom of NE-facing side of slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access On connecting road (#2) between the Kroustas S and N routes to Katharo. Visible. View-Visibility Road, fields Closest neighbouring known sites 125: 100 m, 124: 120 m Closest recent building Mitato 110 m SW at 124
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak, pine and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Within 125 perivolos, no pottery - probably other function.
Comments Probably not a habitation site (suggestions: rectangular granary - or even an extra tidy way of clearing away excess stones from the fertile depression it sits at)
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 351
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 682
Site 126 Region Tafos N Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 812
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Ruin Size ca 42 sqm 7x6 Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly outer face preserved, but partly double row, double face remaining. Outer blocks larger than inner that are often rubble size.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area 23.200 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Oval enclosure S of ruin, court-like square enclosure traces W of ruin, possible second small enclosure near outer perivolos 60 m S of ruin. Roads Road (#2) from E and W possibly ending at site (or leading through? Unclear). Very well preserved to E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, nothing else (total ground cover) Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) from E and W possibly ending at site (or leading through? Unclear). Both sides visible. View-Visibility Road, fields, Thylakas, Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 175: 110 m S; 174B 140 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 250 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed kermes oak and pine forest. Fields Small fertile depressions, one fertile langada in NE of perivolos.
Comments Site has a perivolos with very rocky interior, but all small depressions holding soil seem to be constructed in part so as to hold it.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 352
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 683
Site 127 Region Koufalotos Lakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7/H7 Height (above sea level) 855
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (S wall with half-round retracted part), with half- round (re-used?) structure inside ruin. Ruin Size ca ?168 sqm 12x14 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only downhill (unclear if dwelling or retaining) wall well enough preserved: double row double face, outer blocks larger than inner.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared (by 101-109-120-121-127) 141.000 Perivolos length (km) 2,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Unclear, possibly with lost connection from next probable road 110 m SE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - on the edge of a plateau, like the other sites sharing the same perivolos. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Unclear, possibly with lost connection from next probable road 110 m SE. View-Visibility Fields! Possibly road, slice of Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 120: 170 m SW Closest recent building Recent fieldhouse ruin inside Minoan ruin, Mitato 170 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Kampos Rodares: Large nearly flat field area with slight terraces following few rocky outcrops.
Comments Seems to be the main site for the Kampos Rodares. Its main, downhill wall (retaining?) has a recess of 4 m length in its centre giving it a tripartite kind of structure.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 684
Site 128 Region Tafos W - Stis Tourkisses Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 818
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Two distinct ruins in many surrounding structures. Ruin Size ca 46sqm I (7x5+3x3,5) + II: 90sqm: 7,5x12 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses (0,8 m 1 course) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly single row, single face with rubble backing preserved. Second ruin 10 m south of first, double row double face, built with few large stones and rubble - stable vel sim? See site drawing.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round ? Perivolos area 20.800 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1600 sqm, with various inner compartments, see drawing. Roads Road (#2) passing close. Two other roads (#2) at 40 and 80 m to SW and S. Parts preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, rounded cooking rim, storage, one sherd Haggis/Mook class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing close, visible. Two other roads (#2) at 40 and 80 m to SW and S. View-Visibility Fields, road, Site 128B, (210 and 130 without trees) Closest neighbouring known sites 128B: 70 m NE, 210: 120 m S Closest recent building Mitato 240 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Forest pine and kermes oak. Fields Terraced valley/langada with fertile soil.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 685
Site 128 B Region Tafos W Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 818
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts Ruin Size ca 35 sqm: 7x5 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double face, double row with rubble backing where outer stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 16.700 Perivolos length (km) 0,75 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Court-like square S below dwelling ruin ca. 50-60 sqm, various other oncolithic structures in the wider surroundings. Roads Road (#2) passing 30 m S of site. Parts preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Hardly pottery, dense cover. One rounded cooking rim. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing 30 m S of site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, (from top of dwelling possibly Fortezza without trees) Site 128 (210 without trees) Closest neighbouring known sites 128: 70 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 180 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Forest pine and kermes oak. Fields Terraced soft slope.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 355
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 686
Site 129 Region Tafos W Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 837
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 40 sqm: 8x5 Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1-2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Eroded. Few oncolithic blocks and bedrock with rubble in (where preserved) mixed double and single row double face masonry
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Unclear due to bulldozed tracks - possibly shared with 124: 72.600 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Whole round-oval mandra (270 sqm) 20 m SW of ruin possibly ancient. Probably recent re-use of some way. Roads Road (#2) passing close. Parts to NW and S preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds (dense ground cover). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing close. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 130: 160 m S, 194: 180 m W Closest recent building Mitato 270 m N (at Site 124)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Forest pine and kermes oak Fields Traces of terracing in forest surrounding site, some colluvial depressions, a fertile langada NW of site.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 687
Site 130 Region Tafos W – Stis Tourkises Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 812
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 66 sqm: 6x11 Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Overgrown, probably double row double face masonry.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts - masked by intense re-use and bulldozing. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Enclosed space E of ruin. Roads Through road (#1-2, Tafos area’s connection to Katharo via Korakies) passing 60 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg extreme flat oval + oval section, rounded cooking rims, storage, fine bridge-spouted jar rim, straight-sided cup base. Large variation because of bulldozing just below site! Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2, Tafos area’s connection to Katharo via Korakies) passing 60 m S. Parts visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, possibly 193 (without trees) Closest neighbouring known sites 193: 70 m SW; 129: 120 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 420 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Forest pine and kermes oak Fields Fertile langada/lakkos with plenty of alluvium.
Comments The plentiful pottery possibly only because of bulldozing top soil layer to flatten area for bees
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 688
Site 131 Region Selli Koufaloto Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map H7-8/G8 Height (above sea level) 784
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 35 sqm 7x5 Ruin max. standing 1m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer face preserved only, some rubble obviously used, too, in masonry.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 27.100 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Connecting road (#2) from W/through road (Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous) ends at site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few small sherds, nearly total ground cover. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Connecting road (#2) from W/through road (Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous) ends at site. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, possibly road, Mirabello, Sites 98,99, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 174: 120 m SE; 98: 150 m NW Closest recent building Mitato 300 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Rocky slopes have traces of terracing at depressions with soil, parts of two fertile langades.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 689
Site 132 Region Tafos NW Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 854
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ? 70 sqm 7x10 Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly outer faces preserved, some double row double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 39.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,85 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim At least one small court N+E at ruin, probably a larger court/mandra also N+W of that. Roads Road (#2) from E and W possibly ending at site (or leading through? Unclear).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage, conical cup base, straight-sided cup base. Pottery visible only in bulldozed scarp at road, nothing on other surface! Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) from E and W possibly ending at site (or leading through? Unclear). Both sides visible. View-Visibility Road, fields, 125B Closest neighbouring known sites 125B: 70 m W, 125: 130 m N Closest recent building Mitato 170 m SW at 124
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed oak, pine and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields in forested valley NE of site
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 690
Site 133 Region Rodares Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7 Height (above sea level) 900
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Ruin Size ca 156 sqm 12x13 Ruin max. standing 1,8 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row single face, inside rubble, some very big blocks. Three walls of the ruin appear on the 1:5000 map.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 64.700 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Road-trigon NE of dwelling ruin possibly enclosed. Roads Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Trapeza passing, near crossing with side road (#2) to Megal Platoma/W.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds (dense ground cover). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Trapeza passing, near crossing with side road (#2) to Megal Platoma/W. Parts visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas peak Closest neighbouring known sites 137 B: 90 m S, 137: 100 m S Closest recent building Mitato 120 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraced colluvial valley and slopes E of site (below)
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 691
Site 134 Region Megalo Platoma Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G6 Height (above sea level) 1035
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces Ruin Size ca 28 sqm (?): 7x4 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer faces preserved only in visible parts – ruin traces re-used (re- built in part).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 12.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Ca. 200 sqm of court/mandra S of ruin, but unclear due to re-use Roads Road (#2) passing just outside inner perivolos (15 m S).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval section, some storage. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) One obsidian blade.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing just outside inner perivolos (15 m S). Visible. View-Visibility Road, fields Closest neighbouring known sites 134 B: 50 m, 135: 130 m, 136: 180 m Closest recent building Mitato 400 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields colluvial langada E of site
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 692
Site 134 B Region Megalo Platoma Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G6 Height (above sea level) 1030
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca 35 sqm 7x5 Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly outer faces remaining, parts double row double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 14.200 Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Large mandra/court SE of recent re-used ruin may be BA. Roads Road (#2) passing below (15 m S).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Very little pottery, nearly total ground cover. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing below (15 m S). Visible. View-Visibility Road, fields Closest neighbouring known sites 134: 50 m, 136: 150 m Closest recent building Mitato 400 m
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest. Fields Well terraced langada and slopes.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 693
Site 135 Region Megalo Platoma Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G6 Height (above sea level) 1039
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ca 72 sqm: 8x9 (but edge and unclear back wall) Ruin max. standing 2m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face where visible, some very big blocks.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ca. 100 m of wall to NE remain - but the site was on the edge Perivolos length (km) 0,1 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passing below (20 m S). Small connecting road (#2-3) leading up to site, well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval section, pithos sherd with double light band, various small sherds, one big pithos body/base sherd Haggis/Mook class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) One green (amphibolite) broken pebble like polisher (original smoothed by water, pebble surface partly preserved); one half worked to a thick disc type 15, big chert fragment.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing below (20 m S). Small connecting road (#2-3) leading up to site. Parts visible. View-Visibility Road possibly ending there, fields below in Lakko, Libyan sea, Fortezza possibly without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 134: 120 m NE, 134B: 170 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 500 m SE at Rodares
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest. Fields colluvial depressions and some terraced slope.
Comments Amazingly remote position on the edge of very steep slopes
Bibliography Plastic rope decoration (here pithos) of nearly white band typical for Early Protopalatial period, cf. Van de Moortel 2006: 146. Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 694
Site 136 Region Megalo Platoma Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G6 Height (above sea level) 1007
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic- round structure next to it Ruin Size ca ca 24m: 8x3 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Partly outer faces only, partly double row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area 18.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) passing close (5 m S).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery No pottery visible, full thick ground cover (leaves, compost, moss) in forest. Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing close (5 m S). Visible. View-Visibility Road, fields Closest neighbouring known sites 134B: 150 m W, 134B: 180 m W Closest recent building Mitato 280 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest. Fields Near site colluvial langada, to NE lakkos and slopes with traces of terracing.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 695
Site 137 Region Rodares Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G6-7 Height (above sea level) 886
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Ogolithic with extra large blocks. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 135 sqm: 9x15 Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, some very big blocks.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 137B: 39.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,85 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim - Roads Through roads (#2) passing 70 m below in valleybottom and 70 m above on slope. Connecting road (#2-3) from E well preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Flat oval and oval tripod leg section, various small sherds. Larger selection (same kind) at and below scatter “137B” 50 m to E. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics - Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through roads (#2) passing 70 m below in valleybottom (partly visible) and 70 m above on slope. Connecting road (#2-3). View-Visibility Road, fields Closest neighbouring known sites 137B: 40 m E, 133: 100 m N. Closest recent building Mitato 140 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest. Fields Colluvial fields in valley below
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 365
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 696
Site 137 B Region Rodares Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7 Height (above sea level) 890
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Few big blocks and bedrock, rubble filled. Ruin Size ca ? Max. possible 4x4 Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 137: 39.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,85 Perivolos preservation type 0 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim - Roads Through roads (#2) passing 70 m below in valleybottom and 70 m above on slope. On road (#2) connecting the two (partly preserved).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Flat oval and oval tripod leg section, various small sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics - Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 chunk of amphobolite raw material.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected in N and W. Access Through roads (#2) passing 70 m below in valleybottom (partly visible) and 70 m above on slope. On road (#2) connecting the two (well visible). View-Visibility General overview to E, part S - lookout? Closest neighbouring known sites 137: 40 m W Closest recent building Mitato 120 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest. Fields Colluvial fields in valley below (but site was probably no dwelling)
Comments Possibly outlook and/or kitchen for 137.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 697
Site 138 Region Rodares E Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7 Height (above sea level) 875
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic in parts, round structure next to it. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 56 sqm 8x7 Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced, some rubble used too
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 29.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads On road (#2) connecting the two through roads (#2) Kroustas- Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous (partly preserved).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various small sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected in N and W. Access On road (#2) connecting the two through roads (#2) Kroustas- Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous. Visible. View-Visibility Road possibly, fields, Fortezza, in clear weather piece of S coast, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 138B: 80 m W; 133: 260 m W Closest recent building Mitato 240 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terraces in soft valley N of site
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 698
Site 138 B Region Rodares E Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7 Height (above sea level) 881
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 88 sqm: 7x10+6x3 Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced, some rubble used too
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area The walled area around the site looks in shape like “left over” from surrounding perivoloi - site added later in “unspoken for” space? No E closing wall visible. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) from 138 passing below (20 m S). Partly preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Various small sherds. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected in N and W. Access Road (#2) from 138 passing below (20 m S). Visible. View-Visibility Thylakas peak just visible over hilltop to NE Closest neighbouring known sites 138: 80 m E; 133: 160 m W. Closest recent building Mitato 190 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed oak and mountain maple forest, some wild pear. Phrygana at open spaces. Fields Colluvial saddle suroounding site, partly terraced slopes.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 699
Site 139 Region Kroustas Kalderimi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F10 Height (above sea level) 574
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, only one wall 10 m + one corner well visible, 2nd wall possibly 10m Ruin Size ca ? ca. 118 sqm: 13x9 Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Outer face visible only
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Two parts: 20.900 + 4.200 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Second perivolos part below site (S) looks like terraced garden or orchard (in use). Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 80 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, two of them (Type 2) with 3 grooves. Handmade conical cup base (Type 1 fine), fine handmade jug and conical cup base. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 80 m N. Not visible. View-Visibility Roads, fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 154: 100 m SW, 166: 110 m SW. Closest recent building Mitato/fieldhouse 80 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Some terraces below SE in small extra perivolos, some good soil on flat hilltop N of site, many still in use.
Comments Perivolos still partly used as fence to keep in sheep (Aug.) that eat straw after harvest
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 700
Site 140 Region Kroustas Kalderimi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9/G9 Height (above sea level) 582
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, one wall in trafos Ruin Size ca ? 12 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Overgrown, outer face visible only
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 14.000 (in use as walled field) Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 60 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval and flat oval section, rounded rim. medium fine Type 4 pieces. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position N facing, on W (amphitheatral) side of soft NE-SW running hill. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 60 m N. Visible. View-Visibility Road, fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 165: 80 m E, 164: 100 m S. Closest recent building Fieldhouse ca 300 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Rockiest part of agricultural region - naturally probably open kermes oak and wild olive forest with phrygana. Fields Terraced soft slopes, colluvial depression.
Comments Traces of pottery 10 m beyond perivolos N closest to site could mean it was constructed after the dwelling.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 370
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 701
Site 141 Region Kroustas Kalderimi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9 Height (above sea level) 640
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, possibly second ruin Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only part of outer faces preserved
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 18.500 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 60 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Many tripod legs (12 seen) oval and flat oval section, one with two grooves (Type 2). Storage. Rounded and slightly everted cooking rims, medium fine sherd with traces of red slip, fine cup-bases. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A (amphitheatral) Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 60 m NW. Visible. View-Visibility Road, fields, Fortezza, Mirabello, Thylakas peak Closest neighbouring known sites 142: 120 m SW, 140: 200 m NE Closest recent building Fieldhouse ruin 100 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Phrygana with a few kermes oaks, naturally probably light oak forest. Fields Terraced soft slopes.
Comments Possibly second building (kitchen?) at 20 m SW of main ruin, perivolos to 142 very good example for combined Minoan/recent trafos: lower parts oncolithic, uper parts small rubble.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 371
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 702
Site 142 Region Kroustas Kalderimi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9 Height (above sea level) 594
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, round structure Φ 6 m in Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer face, some rubble must have been there, too – heaps below site
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u? Perivolos area 25.150 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possible, but masked by recent re-use (fieldhouse). Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 25 m W.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, painted slipped pithos rim, rounded cooking rims, medium fine Type 4 vessel with slightly everted rim (in and out), handmade fine jug base. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Quern part, sandstone.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A (amphitheatral) Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 25 m W. Not visible. View-Visibility Road, fields, Fortezza, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 141: 120 m N, 164: 310 m NE. Closest recent building Fieldhouse ruin 20 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Well worked terraces (cereals, almonds, olives) within perivolos still in use, mostly in colluvial valley.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 372
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 703
Site 143 Region Pyrgoni Notiko Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9 Height (above sea level) 838
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces: big blocks mostly haphazardly spread over eroding slope, few in a line. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 90.900 Perivolos length (km) 1,7 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Dwelling site too eroded to tell, but the widespread over the slope oncolithic blocks suggest there might have been more terracing (garden vel sim). Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 70 m N. Small (#2-3)connecting road to S (ancient?).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section (over 15), one flat oval example with 12 grooves spread over all sides. Storage, a few Venetian looking sherds NE of site. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 70 m N. Not visible. Connecting road visible. View-Visibility Road, fields, Fortezza, Mirabello part Closest neighbouring known sites 204: 250 m SW Closest recent building Mitato 60 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Cheimaros below has kermes oak forest, rest cultivated (almonds, olives) or overgrazed. Naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Above site softly sloped terraces (almonds + olives). To E slowly rising rocky slope with traces of terraces.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 704
Comments The slope of the gorge is only here slightly flat and the gorge easily passable to S.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 374
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 705
Site 144 Region Lakkos E of road Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9-10 Height (above sea level) 574
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, high corner on bedrock block (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 88 sqm: 8x11 Ruin max. standing ca 3m+ 2 courses + bedrock Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only outer faces visible inner wall partly set in line with worked bedrock and space filled.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 19.900 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 80 m NW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Flat oval and oval tripod leg section, rounded cooking ware rims, storage: pithos rim with parallel light-coloured bands right below, pithoid jar rounded rim with slight gouge outside. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 80 m NW. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 144B: 20 m E, 167: 300 m SW Closest recent building Fieldhouses 30 m s + 30 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use: olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Colluvial valley below, terraced slopes surrounding it.
Comments Very close to 144B, but the perivolos lies clearly between the two, the pottery scatters are also different.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 375
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 706
Site 144 B Region Lakkos E of road Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9-10 Height (above sea level) 571
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, 20 m E of 144 (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 50sqm: 5x10 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only outer faces preserved. Small part double row double face, but rubble filling also possible.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 25.800 - three perivoloi look like belonging here (some possibly shared with 144): 6.900 (contains dwelling ruin), 11.350 (N), 7.550 Perivolos length (km) 0,4+0,45+0,5 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 100 m NW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage wares. Possibly mixed with pottery from 144 Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Limestone mortar.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 100 m NW. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 144: 20 m W, 167: 300 m SW Closest recent building Fieldhouses 30 m S + 40 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use: olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Soft terraced slope (now planted with olives)
Comments See 144
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 376
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 707
Site 145 Region Kroustas forest Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 838
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 89 sqm: (8x10+3x3) Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Partly double row double face, elsewhere just outer face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Various parts in forest (at least 800 m seem to belong here) - probably big. Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Complicated system of walls around the dwelling ruin, several inner enclosures. Roads Unclear
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery No pottery seen - 100% forest ground cover (pine needles) Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing right next to site, poss. Continuing to 145) View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 178: 210 m W, 145B: 220 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 380 m NE (at Site 192)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Open pine forest, few kermes oaks Fields Slightly terraced soft slopes in forest
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 377
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 708
Site 145 B Region Kroustas forest Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I8 Height (above sea level) 806
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ? probably polygonal (L-shape), not more than 40 sqm to judge from size of available ledge. Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon ?1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Upper courses tumbled, but probably double row, double faced
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 212: 51.400; outside main p. to SW extra enlosure (to here or 145?): 5.000 Perivolos length (km) 1,3 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) from NE may continue to 145
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few pieces (ground cover). Cooking, storage. Round rim. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 in langada Strategical Position Not defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides Access View-Visibility Road, a few fields. Closest neighbouring known sites 145: 220 m SW Closest recent building Fieldhouse and mitato 200 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Open forest (pine, kermes oak) Fields Sloping terraces to NE, lightly forested
Comments It’s position looks like controlling the road passing that is now lost in the forest slightly further on, but might have been one of the main roads leading towards the Kalamafka mountain area. The region between Sites 145B and 212 have been intensely re-used until recently and are now partly densely overgrown, thus traces of a perivolos wall between the two might be hidden in there.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 378
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 709
Site 146 Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G10 Height (above sea level) 570
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, possibly rubble used, too. Eroded. Ruin Size ca ? part of one Oncolithic wall clearly visible, but was that ruin? Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Only about 8.000 sqm enclose the dwelling, but several smaller surrounding enclosures without site may have belonged here. Modern field- and wall re-use intensive. Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 25 m SE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval to oval section, some with burnished slip inside. Storage (pithos sherds), one rim in Haggis/Mook class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone or quern part, sandstone.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 25 m SE. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza, possibly traces of Mirabello without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 147: 110 m SE; 163: 160 m N. Closest recent building Mandra 100 m S, fieldhouse 250 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Nice, low terraces still in use (almonds, olives), in comfortable lakkos just below site and terraced slopes.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 379
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 710
Site 147 Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G10 Height (above sea level) 568
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ? over 60 sqm, wall parts (not square) 9,9,7m, but possibly including avli vel sim Ruin max. standing 1 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly outer faces preserved, parts double row, double face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 11.700 and possibly + 13.700 + 10.200 (But I suspect at least one dwelling hasn’t been detected here). Modern field- and wall re-use intensive. Perivolos length (km) 0,5+0,5 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Probably, but invisible through intense re-use of fields. Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 80 m NW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod flat oval and oval section (one slipped and burnished Type II), medium fine Type I sherds. Pithos body sherd near rim with light band Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 80 m NW. Access possibly along perivolos from W. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza, Mirabello parts Closest neighbouring known sites 146: 110 m NW, 148: 200 m W. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 250 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Terraced, slightly sloping area with almonds, intensively cultivated
Comments My suggestion that the two adjacent perivoloi must have had undetected dwelling sites is based on the usually small size of perivoloi in this region (cf. surrounding sites).
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 711
Bibliography Decoration (here pithos) of nearly white band typical for Early Protopalatial period, cf. Van de Moortel 2006: 146.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 712
Site 148 Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G10 Height (above sea level) 568
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 96 sqm: 8x12 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only some outer faces preserved, long parts bedrock
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 6.600 probably more, unclear (Modern field- and wall re-use intensive.) Various enclosed spaces below the site might have belonged. Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Small road (#2-3) leading up to hilltop. Next larger (#2) road 60 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs extremely flat, flat oval (1 with ridge: Type 2) and oval section, storage (one pithos rim sherd in Type 2). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Big fine grained green amphibolite hand tool (pounder/grinder, 6x6 half spheroid type 2); whetstone or quern part.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Knoll-top site, raised 8 m above surroundings on W (with nearly 4 m bedrock-base), rocky 20 m on N, steep slope to S and E. Strategical Position Highly defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Small road (#2-3) leading up to hilltop. Next larger (#2) road 60 m N. Visible. View-Visibility Good surround-view (knoll-top), to E also part of Priniatikos Pyrgos. Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 147: 200 m E; 149: 260 m NE. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 300 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Vigla-like position on rock with phrygana, steep kermes oak in gorge to E. Naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Rock with site terraced where possible. Big colluvial valley fields W below probably shared (w. 149B, possibly also 150). Details unclear due to current use of fields.
Comments Ruin partly re-used as aloni.
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Site 149 Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G10 Height (above sea level) 531
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces: big blocks and bedrock in soil of surrounding field. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,3 m ½ course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Probably two parts: 2.800 (containing ruin) plus possibly 7.350 (to NE) Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) 50 m to W connecting sites on E side of Amygdalolakkos.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, medium fine Type 1 Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) 50 m to W. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 150, 151: 100 m NW 149B: 120 m S Closest recent building Fieldhouse 300 m W, village 400 m (one of the closest sites to v.)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably kermes oak forest but all cultivated (olives, almonds). Fields Terraced, of the best in Amygdalolakko, its perivolos prevents the soil on the slight slope to NE from being washed downhill.
Comments Nearly totally integrated into fields. Without its perivolos I might not have noticed it.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 383
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 714
Site 149 B Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G10 Height (above sea level) 553
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind Scatter only, a few larger pieces of rubble may once have been part of a humble ruin. Ruin Size ca Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 6.100 Perivolos length (km) 0,35 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) 30 m to W connecting sites on E side of Amygdalolakkos.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval. Small scatter on eroded slope - storage, cooking, one sherd of Haggis/Mook class III. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position W facing on the W slope of a small N-S ridge, much higher E-facing slope 200 m to W Strategical Position Not defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher ridges and slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing 30 m W. View-Visibility Fields, road, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 149: 120 m N, 150: 150 m S Closest recent building Fieldhouse 210 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Regrowing kermes oak forest around site scatter, now phrygana. Fields Good doline fields W probably shared (w. 148, 150?). Details unclear due to current use of fields.
Comments The perivolos E, running over the top of the ridge/hill is especially well preserved and built.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 384
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 715
Site 150 Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G10 Height (above sea level) 532
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ? possibly big, covering all outcrop (pottery all around) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 6.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,35 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 50 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Fragment of quern or whetstone.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau - on small raised over surrounding fields rocky area. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 50 m N. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Fortezza, Mirabello, Closest neighbouring known sites 151: 50 m NE; 149, 152: 100 m NE. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 250 m W, village 500 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Very soft slope, terraced.
Comments Owner Nerantzoulis Kon. knows exact amount of crop from this perivolos: 30 gomaria (1g.=4 dematia= 1 donkey load un-threshed) barley/year. Sheep allowed on field after harvest, leaving some dung, now they eat harvest
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 385
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 716
Site 151 Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G10 Height (above sea level) 537
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts, one wall well visible, possibly LM III wall also well visible Ruin Size ca ?ca. 84 sqm, 1 certain Oncolithic wall 12m,traces but possibly bulldozed f road of 2nd 7m, the LM III wall ca. 8 m (but possibly cut) Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1/2 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved. One unusual wall with polygonal well cleaned/worked rocks (LM III?)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 1.900 – probably plus 2nd part below S of similar size. Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes next to site. Cross-road to S branches off here.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section (some burnished, some with grooves),1 round section with thumb impression (similar to Type 2, but smooth surface) LM III. Storage: one pithos rim Type 1. Half a loom weight (the only!) with one central hole and flattened top (Type 1) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 - big chunks Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Dark green amphibolite tool (foursided pyramid to threesided pyramid) with drilled tubular slot in one three-sided plain, one corner opposite slot used for pounding (when pounding, index finger comes to rest in slot; ca. 325 gr 5,4x6,4 cm; groove Ø 2,3cm); whetstone; polisher; worked amphibolite object (long three-sided thin pyramid, opposite bottom convex and naturally rounded part of original pebble).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes next to site. Cross-road to S branches off here. Both visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Fortezza, Mirabello part without trees
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 717
Closest neighbouring known sites 150: 50 m SW; 152+152B: 50 m N. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 250 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Very soft slope, terraced.
Comments Some pottery also beyond two walls and road to E - later?
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 718
Site 152 Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F10 Height (above sea level) 543
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ca. 122sqm 11x12 Ruin max. standing 0,7 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces only
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 2.600 (consisting of an inner and outer part 1:4) Perivolos length (km) 0,35 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes next to site (S). Cross-road to S branches off opposite.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section (ca. 10), some with grooves. Cooking rim part (Type 4) with roped band. Storage. Type 4 medium fine ware. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth 1 -obvious Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstones or quern parts; sandstone rubber pebble type 2, greenish-black amphibolite fragment like part of small quern, i.e. polished on concave side (unfinished broken part of stone basin vel sim?)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes next to site (S). Cross-road to S branches off opposite. Both visible. View-Visibility Fields,road, Fortezza, Mirabello parts without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 152B: 20 m NW; 151: 50 m S. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 300 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Slightly sloping terraces with almonds
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 719
Site 152 B Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F10 Height (above sea level) 545
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind A few bigger blocks with bedrock surrounding the pottery scatter area might have been part of a ruin once. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,3 m ½ course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Several parts of walls that seem ancient visible in the region, but no clear perivolos pattern could be made out. Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 30 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery See 152 - most tripod legs here. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1- obvious Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 2 rubbers (sandstone pebble, type 2); 1 greenish-gray large part of breccia pebble, traces of pounding on one tip (three-sided pyramid with rounded natural base), worked fragment of white marble.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Plateau Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 30 m S. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields,road, Fortezza, Mirabello parts without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 152: 20 m SE Closest recent building Fieldhouse 300 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Slightly sloping terraces with almonds
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 720
Site 153 Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F10 Height (above sea level) 553
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 35 sqm 7x5 Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 2 courses (lower bedrock) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces, bedrock included
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 6.900 containing dwelling, possibly plus 13.300. Perivolos length (km) 0,4+0,65 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 100 m NW. Small (#2-3) road from NE - ancient?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 100 m NW, connection unclear. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road?, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 139:150 m SW; 166: 200 m S. Closest recent building Active Mitato 170 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Lakkos below with good colluvial soil.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 721
Site 154 Region Kroustas Amygdalolakkos Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F10 Height (above sea level) 560
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ? probably ca. 56-60sqm, 1 certain wall 7m Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces (probably single row with rubble backing), partly used bedrock
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Probably shared with 166: 27.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 120 m NW. Small (#2-3) connecting road from W.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. 1 pithos rim with light plastic rope decoration of finger-impressed band and traces of black paint. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 - obvious Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 oblong flat pebble of whetstone type material, one large surface with a longish hollowed indent, both flat surfaces worked, type 2 (multitool).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 120 m NW. Small (#2-3) connecting road from W, main road not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 139: 100 m NE; 166: 140 m E. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 100 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Fertile colluvial valley, slightly terraced.
Comments
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 722
Bibliography Light plastic rope decoration (here pithos) of finger-impressed band typical for Early Protopalatial period, cf. Van de Moortel 2006: 146.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 723
Site 155 Region Kroustas SW - Limni Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 534
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, some very big blocks (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 35 sqm 7x5 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces only, bedrock used
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Surrounding ruin: 3.850, possibly plus 8.600 to N. Perivolos length (km) 0,25 + 0 4 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Unclear. Next known through road (#2, traces of kalderimi) 170 m N/NE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval, storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth 1 - obvious Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone, one obsidian flake.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Unclear. Next known through road (#2, traces of kalderimi) 170 m N/NE. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza only rooftop Closest neighbouring known sites 158,159: 170 m SE/SW. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 300 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Rocky hillock near site dense regrowing forest. Fields Terraced fertile langada to E.
Comments A big perivolos to W could not be clearly attributed (might belong here).
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 724
Site 156 Region Kroustas SW - Limni Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 523
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts Ruin Size ca ? 45 sqm 9x5(?) Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Part of outer faces only, some parts rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Unclear, several long parts visible in this region, but too intense re- use. An area of ca. 30.000 is walled without visible ruin and may have been shared by several. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Unclear. Next known through road (#2, traces of kalderimi) 120 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, rounded cooking ware rim, storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone or quern part.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Unclear. Next known through road (#2, traces of kalderimi) 120 m N. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 157/157B: 60 m NE; 104/104B: 320 m W. Closest recent building Mitato in use at 104B: 320 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Big colluvial valley, slightly terraced.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 725
Site 157 Region Kroustas SW - Limni Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 536
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing), second part or inner perivolos 10 m N at cartrack. Between these only partly visible in the scarp ruin traces and the main ruin lies a recent fieldwall, making the situation unclear. Ruin Size ca 72 sqm (5,5x12+1,5x4) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m - 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced, partly used bedrock
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 11.300 Perivolos length (km) 0,45 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#2, traces of kalderimi) Kroustas to Limni and Pateragiorgis arrea 10 m to N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs lat oval and oval section, one with 2 grooves, fine handle with 4 holes near base, cooking ware rim rounded, bases of fine cups/ jugs straight sided and conical Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x just S behind hilltop Access Through road (#2, traces of kalderimi) Kroustas to Limni and Pateragiorgis arrea 10 m to N. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 156: 60 m, 104:340 m, 104B: 320 m Closest recent building Mitato in use at 104B: 320 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Slope below terraced, parts of big colluvial valley.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 726
Comments There was possibly a second building the traces of which are right next to the cartrack, whereas the main ruin seems to be behind the fieldwall running through the site - but situation too unclear for more detail.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 727
Site 158 Region Kroustas SW Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F10 Height (above sea level) 547
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 171 sqm (12x13+3x5) Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 1- 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Sone outer faces, some spots with double row, double face; larger+smaller blocks combined
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 20.700 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Two terrace walls SW of ruin look like they may have originally enclosed a court/garden. Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 50 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage, medium fine Type 4 cup base. Large amounts of pottery. Seperate small scatter ca 35 m SE of and 4 m above ruin: cooking, medium fine, fine ware. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics + Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 20.700 L: 0,62
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 50 m S. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 159: 110 m W; 154: 170 m. Closest recent building Fieldhouse ruin 100 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Terraced NW looking slope.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 728
Site 159 Region Kroustas SW Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F10 Height (above sea level) 538
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 36 sqm 6x6 Ruin max. standing 1m 1 1/2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces using bedrock, probably with rubble backing.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts, uncertain. Intensive re-use. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 120 m S. Connection possibly via 158?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, slightly everted cooking ware rim, pithos rim sherd. Unusual sherd of a non-rounded big coarse vessel with the base of a handle (Type 4 - sarcophagus?) Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 120 m S. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 158: 110 m E; 165: 200 m S. Closest recent building Fieldhouse ruin 200 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Terraced slope to N, fertile depression to N
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 729
Site 160 Region Kroustas SW Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 544
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind One wall (in part?) with few big blocks and rubble visible. Ruin Size ca ? one wall 5m Ruin max. standing 0,2 m ½ course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Part of one outer face, big rubble (larger than in recent buildings).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Part Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) to W/Argoulida is first traceable 70 m to W (may have been continuous to E).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, pithos body sherd, rounded cooking ware rim. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) to W/Argoulida is first traceable 70 m to W (may have been continuous to E). Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 161,161B: 60 m W. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 120 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Softly sloping terraces
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 730
Site 161 Region Kroustas SW Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 550
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces (possibly stones taken from 161B?) underneath later (Venetian? - see pottery) rubble ruin Ruin Size ca ? 77sqm: 7 (9)x11? Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Part Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) to W/Argoulida is first traceable 50 m to S (may have been continuous to E).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds visible (dense ground cover). Cooking ware, storage, medium fine Type 4. A few Venetian or early Ottoman sherds may belong to the obvious re-use phase of the ruin, but might have drifted over from 161B. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) to W/Argoulida is first traceable 50 m to S (may have been continuous to E). Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, possibly. road to SW Closest neighbouring known sites 161B: 40 m S, 160: 60 m W. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 80 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Softly sloping terraces
Comments Rare in this area Minoan-Venetian combination, possibly more ruin/ surrounding structure parts in overgrown area NE of site. What looks like the base of a dwelling might also have been a walled court with some pottery use.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 731
Site 161 B Region Kroustas SW Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 560
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ? 84sqm : 7x12 Ruin max. standing 0,2 m ½ course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of level wall-traces double row double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Part Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) to W/Argoulida is first traceable 30 m to S (may have been continuous to E).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds visible (dense ground cover). Cooking ware, storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) to W/Argoulida is first traceable 30 m to S (may have been continuous to E). Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, possibly. road to SW Closest neighbouring known sites 161: 40 m N; 160: 60 m W. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 80 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Softly sloping terraces
Comments In same perivolos with 161, if the visible piece is correct (but may have been part of inner perivolos) - might have been the only original Minoan dwelling here.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 732
Site 162 Region Kroustas SW Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 554
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 84sqm: 7x12 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row single face with rubble backing (some openings in the face filled with rubble, too. Some very big blocks - the E-W running wall of the ruin is on map as terrace wall at 90° to other terraces.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts (probably shared with 162B). Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Probable - parts of walls with large blocks on N and NW side of ruin. Roads Road (#2) to SW/Argoulida is first traceable 150 m to SE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripods oval, slightly everted cooking ware rim. Storage, medium fine Type 4 sherds. One sherd of erodable (soft) nearly pure phyllite ware: Haggis/Mook class I or an earlier version? Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) to SW/Argoulida is first traceable 150 m to SE. A small road to S along what looks now like the lowest terrace wall may have been the connection. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 162B: 45 m NW; 161B: 140 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato 80 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably kermes oak forest, now slightly terraced fields, rocky phrygana area to W on slope. Fields All around site on plain, rocky parts arranged in fieldwalls and low terraces.
Comments Recent cistern 80 m to N might be an ancient idea/have a predecessor.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 733
Site 162 B Region Kroustas SW Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F9 Height (above sea level) 557
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Few oncolithic blocks with bedrock and rubble make parts of a small ruin visible. Ruin Size ca ? 48 sqm (6x8) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Some big blocks, but mostly bedrock in walls. Downslope wall probably double faced, outer face larger stones, inner rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts (probably shared with 162) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Unclear (ruin is part of terrace system) Roads Road (#2) to SW/Argoulida is first traceable 100 m to SE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, rounded cooking ware rim, medium fine Type 4, a sherd of Haggis&Mook Type III. More pottery than at 162, but surroundings more eroded. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) to SW/Argoulida is first traceable 100 m to SE. A small road to S along what looks now like the lowest terrace wall may have been the connection. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields. Closest neighbouring known sites 162: 45 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato 50 m NE.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably kermes oak forest, now slightly terraced fields, rocky phrygana area to W on slope. Fields Terraced slopes, flat field between here and 162
Comments Might have been an outbuilding (kitchen?) of 162.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 734
Site 163 Region Kroustas Angastara Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G10 Height (above sea level) 558
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces Ruin Size ca 60 sqm: 12x5 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved (some may be retaining walls) some rubble and bedrock integrated.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 13.500 Perivolos length (km) 0,45 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Some of the terraces below the ruin may have been small enclosures. Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 150 m E. Small connecting road (#2-3) from there (well preserved, but probably recent).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, slightly everted and round cooking ware rims. Storage body sherd Type 3, medium fine Type 4 sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 150 m E. Small connecting road (#2-3), end visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 146, 164: 160 m S/W. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 150 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Terraces around site on slight slope, good soil
Comments Road-wall on map ending exactly at site. So well inegrated into terraces it is hardly visible.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 735
Site 164 Region Kroustas Angastara Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9 Height (above sea level) 560
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ? probably over 80 sqm Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer faces preserved (some may be retaining walls) some rubble and bedrock integrated. Very overgrown.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 30.200 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Probably some small enclosures in the densely overgrown region around the ruin. Roads Unclear. Next known through road 200-250 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, one flat oval Type 1 variety with sandy inclusions and bronze mica as seen from Priniatikos Pyrgos. Rounded cooking rim Type 4 with a thin notch or gouge right below. Storage. medium fine Type 4. Bee-hive sherd (inner hatching), slightly overfired inside, medium fine Type 3. Extended scatter. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Unclear. Next known through road 200-250 m N. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 140: 110 m NW; 163: 160 m E. Closest recent building Fieldhouse ruin 80 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Well walled, well terraced, still in good use (almonds, cereals)
Comments The perfect site – needs only cleaning from bushes
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 736
Site 165 Region Kroustas Angastara Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9/F9 Height (above sea level) 549
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces: Parts of level layers with bedrock preserved in field terrace. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 5.300 Perivolos length (km) 0,3 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 80 m NW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. Storage. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 greenish-gray worked fragment of breccia (three sides rounded, flat base, 3 short cutting edges of small pyramidal shape on one small side), no traces of use (pounding or grinding).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Argoulida/Asfendamous passes 80 m NW. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 140: 80 m SW; 164: 140 m S. Closest recent building Fieldhouse ruin 200 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Very good fields in flat, terraced valley just below site.
Comments The only known column base of the region comes from here (seen outside of ruin, on field wall)
Bibliography
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PDF 406
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 737
Site 166 Region Kroustas Angastara Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F10 Height (above sea level) 554
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Parts of one wall with few oncolithic blocks and rubble. Ruin Size ca ? one wall 10 m Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of outer face preserved, some rubble and bedrock integrated
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Probably shared with 154: 27.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1660 small enclosure in one corner (surrounding dwelling) of the large shared perivolos. Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 150 m SE. Small connecting road (#2-3) partly preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small sherds only (dense ground-cover), but all coarse Types and medium fine Type 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 150 m SE. Small connecting road (#2-3) not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 139: 110 m NW; 154: 140 m W. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 20 m
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mostly very good agricultural, in use f almonds, olives, cereals, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Main part (colluvial valley) probably shared with 154, rest sloped terraces.
Comments
Bibliography
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PDF 407
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 738
Site 167 Region Arkalídia (Kroustas S Mesarmos) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9 Height (above sea level) 596
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolothic. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 76 sqm: (7x8+4x5) Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 2 courses + bedrock Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double row, double face, cleverly using bedrock, too, all walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 40.400 Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 880 sqm close to dwelling, including a small court W of ruin. Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 110 m W. Another road passing in langada below.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small sherds only (dense ground cover), medium fine Type 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Discoid thin slice of green amphibolite tool with drilled tubular slot, 3 round sides with cutting edge and one sharp tip, forth straight side with tubular slot (ca. 100g, 6,2x2 cm, groove Ø ca.2,9 cm).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Tafos passes 110 m W. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Fortezza? Thylakas peak Closest neighbouring known sites 144: 300 m NE. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 270 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) The valley below looks like it could have had wells. Vegetation Forgotten olive grove, naturally probably open kermes oak forest. Fields Flat hilltop area has terraces with forgotten olives, terraced former cheimaro below perfect fields with big partly still cultivated olives.
Comments The perfectly terraced (partly oncolithic) cheimaros makes very good alluvial fields, the steep slope above also terraced with clearly oncolithic walls. One of the best examples for BA terracing.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 739
Site 168 Region Kroustas Forest Pass - Xenogiorgi Korifi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map I7-8 Height (above sea level) 949
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, mostly preserved walls (see ruin shape drawing). Has a big avli/court or second building. Block surface extremely eroded, hence hardly visible. Ruin Size ca 49 sqm: 7x7 Ruin max. standing 2,9 m 6 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon ? polygon if the visible second structure is not avli but second house stage Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined - Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double face, high parts of bedrock integrated.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 179: 230.800 Perivolos length (km) 2,15 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim A large possible milking mandra below NE corner of ruin, a small possible court W of ruin, probably more (160 m wall to NW). Roads Small road (#2-3) from 179 passing 70 m to E. Possible small (#3) connecting road.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. Extremely flat oval tripod leg in sandy Type I variety containing bronze mica (Priniatikos Pyrgos?). One sherd of dark GD Haggis/Mook class III. medium fine Type 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Small road (#2-3) from 179 passing 70 m to E. Possible small (#3) connecting road. Parts visible. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, possibly part of road Closest neighbouring known sites KA08: 380 m W. Closest recent building Mitato ruin at KA 08 380 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Open pine forest, few kermes oaks. Fields Large depressions/dolines with fertile soil, terraced slopes.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 740
Comments Unbelievably long and thick perivolos, close to watershed Kroustas- Kalamavka. The aloni on the 1:5000 map in this region probably means part of the surrounding structures.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 410
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 741
Site 169 Region Kroustas Pefkodasos Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I7 Height (above sea level) 861
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 149 sqm: (ca.12x7+13x5) Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face, no right angles. See drawing.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts (ca. 400 m) of walls, enclosed area unclear, probably over 22.000 sqm. Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Several: Oval enclosure (milking mandra?), small court or garden, larger walled space (see detailed drawing). Roads Unclear
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Only two sherds seen (dense ground cover: Forest). Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Unclear. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza without forest Closest neighbouring known sites 178: 60 m NE; 145: 250 m NE Closest recent building Fieldhouse 650 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Open pine forest Fields Fertile depressions and terraced slopes in forest.
Comments In oldest part of forest.
Bibliography
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PDF 411
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 742
Site 170 Region Tou Skoulikaromanoli - Perama Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G8 Height (above sea level) 730
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 131 sqm: 10x11+ extension 7x3 - one long wall set back 1 m on 3m Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, mostly rectangular with slight offset in one wall, plus extra extension at N corner (rubble filled). All walls preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 26.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,65 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Next known road (#2-3) at Site 171 (130 m W).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval section, medium fine Type 2 and 4 sherds, straight sided fine jug base. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Next known road (#2-3) at Site 171 (130 m W). View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 171: 110 m W; 100: 300 m S. Closest recent building Mitato 230 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak forest, steep gorge with dense trees at 20 m to W Fields Small terraced fields in colluvial valley at site and fertile depressions here and there between rocks
Comments
Bibliography
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PDF 412
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 743
Site 171 Region Stin Kateváthra Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G8 Height (above sea level) 748
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 120 sqm (8x7+4x7+3x4+8x3) Ruin max. standing 1,8 m 5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Very polygonic – but in squares! Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined - Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly double row, double faced, but some parts with one face and rubble inner face. Ruin+mandra built decidedly oncolithic - the mandra walls are visible on Google Earth.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 58.500 Perivolos length (km) 1,12 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Extensive inner perivolos, fully preserved in details (cf. drawing) 750sqm. Including 1 or 2 milking mandres. Roads Through road (#2) (Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous) 100 m N, connecting small road (#2-3) through langada, parts preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, medium fine Type 4 sherds, fine carinated cup sherd (95% ground cover) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#2) (Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous) 100 m N, connecting small road (#2-3), not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 170: 110 m E; 99F: 180 m NW. Closest recent building Mitato 330 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Very rocky! Probably naturally dense mixed kermes oak forest Fields Terraced former cheimaro with very good soil S of site, some slight terraces on the surrounding level area.
Comments Impressive fully preserved mandra around ruin with several subdivisions, visible on Google Earth.
Bibliography Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 744
Site 172 Region Pateragiorgis S Map Ag Ioann 9633 4 Main Map D4/E4 Height (above sea level) 901
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces (possible parts of one wall) at mitato in use. Ruin Size ca ? big (to judge from pottery) Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) A few big blocks re-used in mitato, small parts of double row, double faced walls (dwelling?)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Longer parts close to site (to N and E) Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Masked by modern re-use- Roads Road (#2) from Pataragiorgis passing 50 m below S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Site partly bulldozed! Tripod legs (over 20!) flat oval and oval section, one Type I sandy with bronze mica (Prin. Pyrgos?), one oval either Haggis/Mook class I or overly heavy in phyllite Type 2 (eroded). medium fine Type 3 small storage vessel, small, amorphous sherd of Haggis/Mook class III (dark). Tiny tripod-cup (leg 3cm long, medium fine Type 2). Straight-sided cup base sherd, some very fine sherds. Thick (2cm) beehive-rim sherd Ø over 40cm, Type 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone or quern part, 2 obsidian flakes.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position SE-facing slightly below the top of an NE-facing knoll, raised only 6 m over surroundings on W side, steeper rise to N, soft rise to E and S. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Unclear, depending on actual ruin position that can’t be determined. May have been just in the lee of the slightly higher hilltop. Access Road (#2) from Pataragiorgis passing 50 m below S. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 65: 300 m N; 66: 390 m NW Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably mixed open kermes oak forest. Fields Terraced valley/langada with fertile soil.
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Comments Large amounts of pottery (many tripod legs!) compared to the invisible ruin (if at all): special „cooking“ (cheese?) or even ritual site (or both)?
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 415
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 746
Site 173 Region Kroustas below Asfendamous Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G7/H7 Height (above sea level) 811
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, no right angles (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 91 sqm: 6-8x13 Ruin max. standing 1,7 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, filled with rubble. Very overgrown, hence unclear if rubble could be later/recent addition.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 18.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Overgrown, but probably some small enclosed space E of ruin next to road Roads Road (#2) from Asfendamous passing close. 50 m S crossing with small road (#2-3) to 125, includes traces of stairs.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, few sherds (dense ground cover), storage, medium fine Type 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) from Asfendamous passing close. Visible. 50 m S crossing with small road (#2-3) to 125. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas without trees? Closest neighbouring known sites 98: 140 m NE; 126: 160 m E. Closest recent building Mitato 50 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably mixed open kermes oak and pine forest. Fields Two terraced langades, terraced slopes.
Comments Without the perivolos I wouldn’t have found it. One of the most overgrown sites.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 416
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 747
Site 174 Region Tafos Karakovili W “Monoprinos” Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 804
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 84sqm: 7x12 + nice mandra Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face, partly rubble inside (fill or fallen inner walls?)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 28.900 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Oblong oval enclosure W of ruin ca. 150 sqm. Rounded enclosure with entrance (like milking mandra) attached to E side of dwelling ruin. Various oncolithic parts in other structures. Roads Road (#2) from Karakovili reaches site from E, continues to SW. Parts well preseved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage, medium fine Type 1. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) from Karakovili reaches site from E, continues to SW. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 102: 110 m SE; 174B: 120 m S. Closest recent building Mitato 330 m NW (at Site 173)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably mixed open kermes oak forest. Fields Colluvial cheimaro terraced, some terraces on surrounding slopes.
Comments Complicated mandra system around site, confusing amount of walls - would need precise mapping.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 748
Site 174 B Region Tafos Karakovili W “Tou Antrouli to Lakkaki” Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 813
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Two big blocks and rubble shape traces of a humble ruin. Ruin Size ca ? 20sqm: 4x5 max Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of faces preserved, mostly rubble and big chunks of bedrock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 9.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) with probable crossing to 175 close.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg lat oval section with traces of central rope band, medium fine Type 2 and 4 sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada/flat oval doline: (slight pass to NW, 50x100 m area, 6-8 m deep at site): Near bottom on slight rocky rise, sides sloft slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) with probable crossing to 175 close. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 175: 90 m W; 102: 95 m NE. Closest recent building Mitato 320 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak and pine forest. Fields Very good soil in surrounding lakkos - but the area is too small to be sufficient.
Comments Very low profile, hardly visible, too small perivolos - function?
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 418
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 749
Site 175 Region Tafos Fortezza Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 824
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing). Ruin Size ca 72 sqm: 6x12 Ruin max. standing 1m 3 courses visible Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of walls and faces preserved, must have had some rubble used – typical tell-like (rubble?) slope at wall traces covered in forest debris.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 19.750 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Probable road (#2) from 174B, unclear.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery No pottery visible -100% ground cover (leaves, compost - forest) Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B on S edge of small, uneven plateau with a slight rise 70 m to NE Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Probable road (#2) from 174B, unclear. Would not have been visible. View-Visibility Fields, possibly Mirabello without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 174B: 90 m W; 126: 120 m NW. Closest recent building Mitato 300 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak and pine forest. Fields Some colluvial depressions and langades.
Comments One langada 30 m SE of site has strong retention walls to form fields, together with perivolos.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 750
Site 176 Region Tafos Fortezza Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H9 Height (above sea level) 712
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, many surrounding structures. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 158 sqm: (7x11+8x9+4x4) squares set next to each other, possibly more rooms broken off or seen as terrace Ruin max. standing 1,8 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 but made up out of whole squares – possibly. diff. stages? Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined - Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double row and single row, double face. At some places single row with rubble backfill.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 52.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,9 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim A large, oblong walled area of 4200 sqm lies NE parallel to the NE outer perivolos wall. Function unclear, although its terracing and low masl position suggests olives. Roads Road (#2) from Site 44 well preserved. May have continued to Site 177.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, pithos rim, Type 4 cooking tray base/rim. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) from Site 44 well preserved. May have continued to Site 177. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road? Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 177: 180 m N; 44: 190 m S. Closest recent building Mitato 200 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Deserted old olive groves returning to mixed open kermes oak forest Fields Slopes terraced, some colluvial depressions and langada.
Comments Well visible from Minoan road above with fallen rubble on slope below. Wonderful view.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 751
Site 177 Region Lenika Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map H9 Height (above sea level) 680
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, no right angles. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca.160 sqm: many corners Ruin max. standing 2,2 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 not all right angles, possibly some avles or small mandres vel sim at ruin Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined - Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double face. Some rubble backing seems probable at places.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts. Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Probable road (#2) from 176, unclear.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval section, amphora base Type 2, storage body sherd, close-mouthed medium fine Type 4 rim (bridge spouted jar?) and tray rim/base. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Probable road (#2) from 176, unclear. Would have been not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 176: 180 m S; 204: 310 m NE. Closest recent building Fieldhouse in use 160 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Deserted old olive groves returning to mixed open kermes oak forest Fields Terraced slopes, on highest edge of usual olive-growing area.
Comments Unclear ruin-shape as its position on a terrace edge has led to re-use as field.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 752
Site 178 Region Pefkodasos Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I7 Height (above sea level) 850
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 55 sqm: 5x11 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 1 course natural Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Slightly trimmed (?) bedrock, a few oncolithic stones and rubble (badly preserved, shape recognizable). Where built double row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Clearly visible is a small enclosure of 5.200 sqm. Outer ranges unclear (forest, overgrown). Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possibly 5.200 sqm (see Perivolos area). Roads Unclear.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, medium fine straight-sided jug base, one sherd of Haggis/Mook class III - few pieces, dense ground cover. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone or quern part.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Unclear. View-Visibility Fields, possibly Fortezza without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 169: 60 m SE; 210: 170 m N. Closest recent building Mitato ruin 160 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Open pine forest with some kermes oak Fields Colluvial doline with fertile soil.
Comments Built with minimum extra action with lots of bedrock. Was detected only because of one conspicuous tripod leg on the only not overgrown spot on the path below.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 422
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 753
Site 179 Region opp. Tafos “Glisterni” Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I8 Height (above sea level) 890
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. With many surrounding structures (avles, mandres, terraces etc). Ruin Size ca ca. 325 sqm many corners +terraces+avles, possibly + 2 rooms (72sqm) Ruin max. standing 2m 2-3 courses part natural rock Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined 1 Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly single row, single face with rubble backing, some parts double row double face, some very big blocks, conglomerate eroded (partly by recent fire).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area Shared with 168: 230.800 Perivolos length (km) 2,15 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Inner(?) small perivolos at W of ruin of 10.000 sqm, various enclosures to E of ruin, difficult to judge because of fire debris. At least one probable milking mandra. Roads Connected by small road (#2-3) to S with Site 168. Area to W and NW steep eroded slope - unclear.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Extremely flat to flat oval tripod sections, large amounts of pottery at bulldozed (for bee-keeping) space below ruin. Pithos body sherd with two parallel bulges (not band applications, formed from body), others decorated with 1 rope band or dark stripe; medium fine Type 2 vessel body with tiny rope band, medium fine Type 4 jug base with black paint outside, open-mouthed pithoid jar spout. Beehive sherd Type 4, 2cm thick, φ 40 cm. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth little, possibly from burning forest Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position In the centre of a slightly raised hillock, overlooking all directions. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Unclear View-Visibility All from highest part, even Pano Kastellos, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 180: 230 m E Closest recent building Mitato 300 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cistern at 179K Vegetation Open pine forest with some kermes oak
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 754
Fields Depressions and langades with colluvial soil in the area Comments Very impressive in throning over landscape with all its outbuildings - would need careful mapping of all of them. The cistern is prefectly preserved (recently dug out for some reason? Its position on the base of a slope looks like it should be filled up with alluvial soil.)
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 424
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 755
Site 180 Region Pefkalidiás Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I8 Height (above sea level) 864
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, square. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 169 sqm: 13x13 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly double row, double face, some rubble used, too in fill.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area There seem to be two parts: 27.700 (W: 8.900, E: 18.800) Perivolos length (km) 0,35 + 0,65 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possibly the smaller of the two perivoloi had “inner perivolos” function. Roads Unclear (recently burnt forest has left too much timber spread on the ground to allow following road-traces).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg tip flat oval or oval section, cooking body with traces of two small parallel roped bands, fine Type I cup sherds, storage Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Ridge: N-NE -facing on a small ridge, higher slope to NW and W. Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Unclear (probably from below N) View-Visibility Fields, road, all view incl. Pano Kastellos, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 179: 230 m W; 181: 250 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato 300 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Open pine forest with some kermes oak Fields Fertile terraced langada E of site, terraced slopes.
Comments Hardly any pottery visible at site, only in langada below - was the kitchen at the edge? In the E part of the perivolos there is a large, square, flat field - special function?
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 425
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 756
Site 181 Region Pefkalidiás Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I8 Height (above sea level) 850
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Few big stones (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 117 sqm 9x13 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few oncolithic stones, mostly big rubble in double row, double faced masonry including some bedrock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts to the West, seems to be on outer eastern edge of settled area. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim A court/mandra continuing to the W, ca. 100 sqm. The langada S of the dwelling ruin may have had enclosed spaces (overgrown, but oncolithic traces). Roads Unclear (recently burnt forest has left too much timber spread on the ground to allow following road-traces).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, medium fine Type 1 thin, hard jug body sherd, cooking body sherd with traces of roped band, storage, orange-buff fine straight-sided cup base, fine Type 2 sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Unclear (probably from below N) View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello at Priniatikos Pyrgos, Closest neighbouring known sites 180: 250 m NW; 49B: 370 m NE. Closest recent building Fieldhouse 350 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Open pine forest with some kermes oak Fields Fertile terraced valley below site W-E
Comments Hardly visible ruin, the court in continuation has larger stones in masonry.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 426
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 757
Site 182 Region Tafos Fortezza Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 802
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Parts of one wall under recent rubble heap made visible by bulldozing at roadside. Ruin Size ca ? round structure close re-used as kamini Ruin max. standing 0,5 m Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Traces of a row of oncolithic stones visible, in a rubble pile cut by bulldozer at asphalted road. Rubble clearly heaped on later (but before avlakas was made that cuts through it).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 32.700 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 50 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval section, storage: pithos body with traces of two parallel rope bands, big spherical pithoid jug neck with finger impressions on narrowest part (Type 4), orange tinted Type 1 version cooking sherd with buff slip outside, medium fine Type 1 jug body sherd with black paint outside, rounded cooking rim, fine jug bases, one straight-sided with black paint. Thin sherds of fine, black painted jug. All pottery in opened up by bulldozer small scarp destroying ruin. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone, quern parts.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 50 m S. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 192: 200 m E; 128B: 210 m NW. Closest recent building Mitato 170 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest
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Fields Flat colluvial field in base of valley belongs partly to this perivolos, terraced slopes.
Comments Unclear situation because of intense later re-use. The “kamini” (lime-burning installation) looks in its lowest levels like it might be sitting on a BA Round structure.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 428
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 759
Site 183 Region Sténakas (Koutsoúra Lakkos) Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H6 Height (above sea level) 843
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 65 sqm: 8x7-9 Ruin max. standing 1,5 m 3 courses- Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were big rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round ? Perivolos area Long (N) part seems to belong here. Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim At least 150 sqm surrounding site are compartmentalized in various spaces, well preserved. Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 50 m S. Small (#2-3) connecting road from E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, huge, with raised middle rope ridge, Type I variation with bronze mica and many pieces of grano-diorite. Storage. medium fine Type 4 jug body, medium fine Type 1 sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone, quern part.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada/valley: (E-W running, pass/opening to E, 200x200 m area with some deep karstic holes and schisms): In lowest area, on slight rocky rise, sides soft slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 50 m S, partly visible. Small (#2-3) connecting road from E, partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 196: 130 m NE; 184: 240 m Closest recent building Mitato 250 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest Fields Fertile flat valley just below site with soft terraces. NW of site lies a deep, long karstic doline with very good soil, partly terraced.
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Comments Unusual Round Structure, with upright stones only (reminding of a threshing floor, but too small to have been one).
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 761
Site 184 Region Sta’Giorgiou (Koutsoúra Lakkos) Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I6 Height (above sea level) 876
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, offset in N front (see traces of ruin shape in site drawing) Ruin Size ca ? 147 sqm: 11x13-14 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Dwelling mostly single row, single face with rubble backing, surrounding walls double row double face (see drawing of site with details)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area 74.200 Perivolos length (km) 1,45 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Well preserved court (15x7-9m) walled by inner perivolos creating a flat space, cf. detailed drawing. S part could have been milking mandra. Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing close to site N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval (9 pieces), black painted Type 4 buff- slipped everted jar rim, pithos sherds. Round and slightly everted cooking rims, one eroded pure phyllite (Haggis/Mook class I or local predecessor?), fine Type 1 and buff cup handles and body sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Partly worked steatite (some fragments look Katharo-colour); green amphibolite with tiny white inclusions half spheroid hand-tool part, probably type 1, pecking marks on several rounded spots; worked chert fragments, 3 obsidian flakes (2 grayish, one high-shine black) with cutting edges, whetstone.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing close to site N. Visible. View-Visibility Road, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 183: 240 m NE; 186: 250 m W. Closest recent building Mitato 360 m N
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 762
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest. Fields Terraces around site on slight slopes (many eroded).
Comments Unusual kind of Round Structure surrounded by other structures (no pottery visible) in far SW end of perivolos
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 432
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 763
Site 185 Region Sto Stavro (Koutsoúra Lakkos S) Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I6 Height (above sea level) 925
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 82 sqm: 7-8x11 Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were big rubble. Some bedrock included.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area Ca. 500 m in various parts of obviously inner and outer perivoloi around site visible. Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim See perivolos area - at least one mandra. Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 30 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage handle Haggis/Mook Class III, storage rounded rim Type 2. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 30 m N. Partly visible. View-Visibility Road, Fortezza, some fields Closest neighbouring known sites 186: 120 m N; 184: 290 m NE. Closest recent building Mitato 560 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest Fields Terraced slopes, some small fertile lakkoi.
Comments The area around the site is partitioned by many walls, would need detailed topography.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 433
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 764
Site 186 Region Koutsoúra Lakkos SW Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I6 Height (above sea level) 906
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 63 sqm: (7x7+4x7/2) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 trapezoid Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were big rubble. Some bedrock included.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Outer perivolos in parts only Perivolos length (km) 0,3 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 3000 sqm L: 240, from there begin some parts of outer p. towards the West. Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 70 m S, but access from NE/E over small road (#2-3), parts preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small sherds only (very eroded area below site). medium fine Type 4, medium fine Haggis/Mook Class III sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 70 m S (not visible), but access from road (#2-3) 30 m NE/E. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza, Mirabello around Pseira Closest neighbouring known sites 185: 120 m S; 190: 230 m N. Closest recent building Mitato 230 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest Fields Fertile depressions and terraced slopes in forest.
Comments The perivolos imuch better visible than the dwelling ruin (re-used?), producing a nice flat field or court N of ruin.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 434
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 765
Site 187 Region Chiromítata Korakia Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map I5 Height (above sea level) 998
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, looks nearly ashlar-like (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 241 sqm: (11x19+4x8) +entrance… Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses- Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly single row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were not well shaped. Parts of ruin entered as walls in 1:5000 map.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 76.200 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Clear separation by a 2 m corridor from large nearly square court N/ uphill of ruin, ca. 270 sqm, with traces of stone working (and some pottery on the S side). Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 80 m S, possible second road (#2) with crossing near site uphill to NW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval, one Type 1 sandy version with bronze mica. Slightly everted (in and out) cooking rim Type 2 with rope band 1cm below, inside burnished. Storage (big rims), rim part of fine bridge-mouthed jar, fine Type 2 conical cup base. Less than to be expected with suchc a huge site. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Several whetstones, e.g. slab of rectangle with rounded corners, one surface intensely, the opposite slightly worked, one (or several?) corner used for pounding and slightly cracked; chip of green tool material.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed (although site seems protected from N and W, the long valley its hillock sits in channels N and S winds strongly). Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 80 m S, partly visible. View-Visibility Road, fields, Fortezza, Mirabello, Korakia, passes Closest neighbouring known sites 185, KR06, KR02: 500 m E/NW/SE. Closest recent building Recent metochi Korakia 300 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close)
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Vegetation Naturally open kermes oak forest, phrygana at open spaces. Fields Terracing amphitheatrical around the most fertile deepest part of the valley to SW. Perivolos keeps soil from being washed out of that valley to SE.
Comments Impressive masonry nearly ashlar, huge building, unclear structures (possibly another ruin? Pottery below…) to NE re-used as mandres
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 436
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 767
Site 188 Region Korakia Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map I4 Height (above sea level) 1005
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts of one wall preserved in fieldwall, possibly a second wall-part several m away. Ruin Size ca ? large Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Probably double row double face, as one corner is preserved as field wall with an inner oncolithic face (outer face covered in soil of a higher level, now field).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area None seen (very intense re-use of the area) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 20 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage, Buff medium fine (orange core) gritty fabric (grey and black grits): pithoid jar body sherd decorated (simple line) Chronology? Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) One green-grey chert chip with cutting edge. The area produces naturally the whetstone and quern material known in Minoan Tsivi S sites.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 20 m S. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, possibly road Closest neighbouring known sites 187: 500 m E; KR 06: 550 m N. Closest recent building Recent mitato 70 m above, metochi Korakia 100 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally mixed open kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Running water until early summer Fields The valley of Korakia is fertile, nowadays cultivated in vineyards etc..
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Comments Dwelling ruin nearly invisible, later walls cutting it in parts, re-using stones, no perivoloi traceable. Wall system in use probably Venetian (little pottery), but possibly partly Roman (at KA 15). The “avlakas” (aquaeduct) from Psychro reached here even before it was extended to go on to Kroustas (ca. 1919), but its fabric, where traceable, doesn’t look Roman (e.g. like the aquaeduct of Roman Gournia).
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 438
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 769
Site 189 Region Koutsoúra Armi Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H6 Height (above sea level) 860
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape in site drawing) Ruin Size ca ca. 140 sqm possibly larger (if what looks like closely connected small terraces now were rooms) Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were big rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round aaa Perivolos area 64.100 (in W only pieces preserved) Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 2700 sqm - at least 400 m of walls surrounding well preserved mandres and courts around site, see detailed drawing for those closest to dwelling. Roads Road (#2) 30 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval and oval section. Storage: Round rim of Type 1 pithoid jar (Ø > 45 cm), body sherd medium-fine Type 1 (orange) decorated (simple red-brown wavy line, possibly second one parallel). Various Type 1 cooking sherds, two with blob handle, Haggis/Mook class III everted pithoid jar rim sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) 30 m N. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza, road? Closest neighbouring known sites 196: 160 m SE; 195: 170 m NE. Closest recent building Recent mitato: 200 m to W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Fertile long valley (with low terraces) N of site, slopes terraced
Comments 2 round structures at site, a third 70 m E, a half round structure extending dwelling ruin to NW. Many extra structures in the surroundings (see the central part in app. site drawings) Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Site 190 Region Koutsoúra Armi Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H6 Height (above sea level) 868
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 76 sqm (5x5+6x8,5) Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were big rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 38.200 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim The closer spaces around the ruin where level were walled (court). Roads Road (#2) passing (through backyard?). Parts preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval. Storage: Pithoid jar base edge Haggis/ Mook class III, Type 1 and 2 rounded cooking rims, medium fine Type 4 amphora rim sherd, medium fine orange Type 1 straight- sided cup base sherd, orange nearly fine conical cup base. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone (small squared slab, worked on one large surface).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing (through backyard?). Visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza (without trees) Closest neighbouring known sites 191: 100 m NE; 186: 230 m S. Closest recent building Recent mitato 250 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Valley below and slopes well terraced wherever is soil.
Comments Beautiful position on a slight rocky ledge overlooking all the valley below.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 440
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 771
Site 191 Region Koutsoúra Armi Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H6 Height (above sea level) 872
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca. 140 sqm: (9x5+8x12) Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 4 courses + bedrock Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were big rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Either large and not preserved or open to the NW (edge of settlement). Walling towards S, SE and NE (and neighbouring sites) visible only. Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) 20 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. Cooking body parts, one with slightly everted rim. medium fine Type 2 lid rim part Ø 36cm, Type 4 body sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) 20 m N. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 190: 100 m SW; 186: 320 m S. Closest recent building Recent mitato 150 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Terraced slopes, a fertile part of the valley below (low terraces).
Comments Precarious looking position at the steep rocky slope 20 m above valley ground.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 441
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 772
Site 192 Region Tafos Fortezza Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 777
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts in and at recent mitato (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 84sqm: 7x12 Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face in the wall parts outside the mitato.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a? Perivolos area 40.400 Perivolos length (km) 0,80 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1400 sqm L: 140 m, using part of S outer perivolos. Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 40 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, small cooking ware sherd (few seen: ground cover and bee-hives below site) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 40 m N. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 212: 170 m E;182: 200 m W. Closest recent building Recent mitato built on top.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Fertile fields in flat colluvial valley with low terraces just below site, terraced slopes.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 442
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 773
Site 193 Region Pefkodasos Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 821
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 63 sqm: 7x9 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Only some outer faces preserved, slightly tell-like shape suggests single row, single face with rubble backing.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Ca. 600 m of walls surrounding the site preserved, obviously inner and outer perivoloi, but no clear areas visible. Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim See perivolos area - a court next to dwelling ruin creating flat space. Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 40 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds (dense ground cover). Small flat oval section tripod leg, storage round rim (Type 2), medium fine 1 and 4 sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - on a SE-facing ledge in a long winding runoff valley. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 40 m S. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields (few) in lakko, road, possibly Fortezza without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 130: 70 m NE; 196: 170 m W. Closest recent building Recent mitata ca. 400 m W+NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Small fertile doline-fields, well protected in rocky surrounding.
Comments Very overgrown, coolest region in forest. Dwelling ruin mazingly well fitted into rocky surroundings.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 443
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 774
Site 194 Region Koutsoúra Armi Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 845
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 65 sqm: (7x7+4x4) Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few parts double row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were big rubble, rest visible as overgrown rubble heap. Some bedrock integrated.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 42.400 Perivolos length (km) 1,05 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim One enclosure next to ruin is oval in shape (milking mandra?). Various other oncolithic parts in structures surrounding the dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) passing 20 m S. Small (#2-3) connecting road from SE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage: pithos body sherd Type 4 with traces of light band, medium fine Type 4 sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing 20 m S. Small (#2-3) connecting road from SE. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road , possibly Fortezza without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 118: 160 m N; 129: 170 m E. Closest recent building Recent mitato ca. 400 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Fertile fields in colluvial depressions around very rocky outcrop of site.
Comments Region looks very rocky at first gaze, but the colluvial dolines within have very good soil.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 444
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 775
Site 195 Region Pefkodasos Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H6 Height (above sea level) 878
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic parts (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 53 sqm: (7x3+4x5+3,5x4) Ruin max. standing 0,9 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row single faced with rubble backing.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 16.500 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Part of the terraced areas near dwelling (above) may have been gardens. Roads Road (#2) passing 30 m W.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small pieces only (nearly total ground cover), several Types medium fine sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 on a rocky ledge of S facing slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing 30 m W. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, probably Fortezza without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 189: 170 m S/NE. Closest recent building Recent mitato ca. 300 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Well constructed broad terraces on slope above site.
Comments Terracing really amazing – quality of soil high, even though the terraces sit on the slope
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 445
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 776
Site 196 Region Koutsoúra Lakkos N Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H6-7 Height (above sea level) 831
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Bulldozed, part of one wall with big blocks level preserved. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts, but no clear border towards 193 (E). Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim bulldozed Roads Unclear.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, rounded cooking rim, storage, medium fine Type 1 and 4, small carinated cup sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Fragment of black steatite.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Unclear. View-Visibility Fields. Road?? Closest neighbouring known sites 183: 130 m S; 189: 160 m NW. Closest recent building Mitato 270 m W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Fertile small depressions and small valleys
Comments The probable ruin may in part be underneath the stones pushed over by bulldozer (taking part of the ruin?) to make space for beehives.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 446
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 777
Site 197 Region Tou Sfiri to Aloni Map Kritsa 9634 3 Main Map D6-7 Height (above sea level) 681
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, overgrown (underneath inner walls might be visible). Ruin Size ca 143 sqm: (11x13) Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, one whole (E) wall bedrock.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 36.900 Perivolos length (km) 0,85 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Very overgrown with high bushes, but some traces of a garden/ mandra are visible. Roads Road (#2) passing 90 m W.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage. Seperate small scatter ca 30 m NE of ruin (beyond a slight rise): storage (1 sherd), cooking, medium fine, fine ware. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position On the NW-facing side of a soft long SW-NE depression, rise to W higher. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) passing 90 m W. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello with Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 75B: 220 m SW; 55B: 230 m E. Closest recent building Mitato ruin 150 m NE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Terraced soft slope.
Comments Bedrock used as SE wall of ruin has the typical hight of an oncolithic foundation.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 447
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 778
Site 198 Region Sti Skala Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 548
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row double face. Some huge blocks.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Large parts W and SW up to the dwelling near the edge of the cliff - was there more? Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) passing 20 m S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Cooking sherds. Storage: pithos body sherds, one with parallel gouges (not applied bands), medium fine Type 1 sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A, on W top edge of N facing small but 8 m deep runoff- langada, 50 m S of N facing cliff-edge. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing 20 m S. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello with Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 208: 200 m S; 199: 300 m W. Closest recent building Active Mitato 50 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Theologos springs 500 m below Vegetation Mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Terraced soft slopes
Comments Even though the building material is huge, the ruin’s position is more than un-strategically open to the passing road.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 448
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 779
Site 199 Region Amygdalidi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 616
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 104 sqm: 8x13 Ruin max. standing 1,5 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face. Parts with rubble backfill.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Ca. 250 m passing the dwelling E-W, rest unclear Perivolos length (km) 0,25 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) passing 30 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod flat oval section, unusual Type 1 buff version storage handle, rose sherd with pure pink phyllite inclusions (eroded), Haggis/Mook class I? medium fine Type 1 sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A with slightly higher slope only to W, N-side open. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#2) passing 30 m N. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 209: 140 m SW; 205: 150 m S. Closest recent building Active Mitato 400 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Theologos springs 600 m below Vegetation Mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Softly sloped fertile terraces, until recently cultivated with cereals, almonds, olives.
Comments Area intensely used in recent ages, thus there is not much detail to be seen. Preserved only by sitting on a not arable spot, parts as field border.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 449
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 780
Site 200 Region Goula tou Mazochordia Map Katharo S 9633 6 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 964
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 72 sqm 6x12 Ruin max. standing 1,5 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few parts double row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were big rubble. Blocks very rough/eroded, extensive bedrock parts.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u? Perivolos area Shared with 200B: 86.000 Perivolos length (km) 1,15 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possible court W of ruin Roads Through road (#2) passing 70 m S. Connecting road (# 2) from E along perivolos.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval, bowl body sherd medium fine Type 4 with traces of black slip/paint, big bridge-spouted jar rim Type 2, hooked jar rim profile Type 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A, on top edge of S-N running small but 6 m deep langada/ doline. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passing 70 m S. Connecting road (2#) from E along perivolos. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, part of Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 201: 110 m SW; 38: 180 m NE. Closest recent building Active Mitato 400 m NE (at Site 62), recent mitato ruin 30 m below in lakkos.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Cistern? Vegetation Mixed open (in some spots dense) kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Long terraced slope in parts rocky - eroded? Some nice fertile langades with colluvial soil.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 450
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 781
Comments The possible Round Structure/cistern in lakkos 20 m below is outside of perivolos (in 38 perivolos).
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 451
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 782
Site 200 B Region Near Goula tou Mazochordia Map Katharo S 9633 6 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 669
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, parts of one wall 7-8 m in longer terrace wall preserved. Ruin Size ca ? Could have been a large rectangle of over 100 sqm - with or without surrounding spaces. Ruin max. standing 1,1 m - 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mostly double row, double face, including bedrock. Blocks very rough/eroded.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 200: 86.000 Perivolos length (km) 1,15 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Unclear - due to the eroded state of the ruin it can’t be clearly differentiated which is main dwelling, which possibly unroofed court wall. Roads Connecting road (# 2) from E at 200 towards 202 (?) passing.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds visible, Minoan fabric Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides Access Road (#2) passing from 200, possibly continuing to 202. View-Visibility Fields, road, Thylakas, parts of Mirabello Closest neighbouring known sites 200: 70 SW, 201: 120 m S Closest recent building Mitato 480 m NE (at Site 62)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Limni ca. 800 m above Vegetation Mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces phrygana. Fields Terraced slopes, some small fertile lakkoi.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 452
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 783
Site 201 Region Tou Geromanóli Map Katharo S 9633 6 Main Map E5 Height (above sea level) 993
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca 49 sqm: ( 7x5+7x2)+avli Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 simple L (plus avli?) Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row, single face with fallen rubble backfill. Some big blocks, bedrock used (nearly whole N wall) eroded.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area ca. 54.700 (SW part uncertain) Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads On road (#2) to Megali Limni.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few small sherds only (eroded area at path/runoff ). medium fine Type 3 and 4 sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A, on the slope of SW-NE running soft langada. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access On road (#2) to Megali Limni. Visible. View-Visibility Few Fields, road,Thylakas, Mirabello, Kastellos Closest neighbouring known sites 200: 110 m NE; 202: 300 m NW. Closest recent building Active Mitato 520 m NE, recent mitato ruin: 120 m N at 200
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Limni ca 800 m above Vegetation Naturally dense to open prinos forest, alpine atmosphere, phrygana at open spaces low. Fields Steep terraced slopes, fertile colluvial terraces in the shallow langada the road passes.
Comments Impressive opening in perivolos for passing road in S
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 453
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 784
Site 202 Region Sto Makrydéti Map Katharo 9633 6 Main Map E4 Height (above sea level) 952
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 117 sqm 9x13 Ruin max. standing 2,0 m 4 courses big stone: 1,4x0,8x0,4 Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, some huge blocks.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts above to E are built double (for 6 m on slope, not cotaining road, second wall belongs to the 200 perivolos W wall) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Well preserved court ca. 40 sqm, more (especially below/W of ruin, where a piece of wall remains) possible but eroded. Roads Probable road (#2, ancient?) passing 40 m W.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval section, one very flat example nearly pure phyllite inclusions. Storage Type 3 and 4, a sherd Haggis/Mook class III, a few small sherds looking EM. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: (SW-NE running, 60 m broad, 6 m deep at site): On NW- facing side of slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Probable road (#2, ancient?) passing 40 m W. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, probably road (?), Pano Kastellos (just!) Closest neighbouring known sites 40: 200 m NW; 39: 240 m NE. Closest recent building Recent Mitata 350 m NE +E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Limni ca 1000 m above Vegetation Mixed kermes oak forest, open spaces low phrygana. Fields Very nice, broad fertile langada with colluvial soil and terracing below site.
Comments Strange double part of perivolos right above dwelling ruin could not possibly have served for road - function?
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 454
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 785
Site 203 Region Kroustas Kalderimi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9 Height (above sea level) 583
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Few larger stones and rubble nearly lined up with bedrock could be ruin part. Ruin Size ca traces of one wall of big stones half covered in agricultural rubble - judging by road position it would have been small Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area At least 36.000 - possibly larger (framed by other sites) Perivolos length (km) 0,65 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Bulldozed - but probably there was a large court E of ruin. Roads Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous passing close.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage, medium fine Type 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth 1 Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A with slope only to W, NE-side open. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#1-2, partly kalderimi and in use) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous passing close. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 144: 160 m SE; 146: 240 m NE. Closest recent building Small field-houses on several spots 70-150 m N+W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest, now mostly agricultural, almond, olives. Fields Slightly terraced level area to S with deep, brown soil, re-used intensely.
Comments Perivolos uncertain- extensively re-built but in many parts obviously oncolithic
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 455
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 786
Site 204 Region Kroustas below Karakovili Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G8 Height (above sea level) 677
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ? unclear, not parallel or straight walls, one12, one 14 m (court?) Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, using bedrock, too. Some parts rebuilt as fieldwall recently, material re-used in recent mandra close.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 87.300 Perivolos length (km) 1,25 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of the dwelling’s surroundings bulldozed, but the level area below ruin probably was a “court” before. Roads Unclear, possibly connected to road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous passing 200 m N via small road (#2-3) from Site 143.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Very little visible (area below ruin colluvial cover). Tripod leg oval section. Beehive-sherd Type 4. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A, tucked into small amphitheatral recess in NE-facing slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Unclear, possibly connected to road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous passing 200 m N via small road (#2-3) from Site 143. View-Visibility Small part of fields, possibly road to SE? Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 143: 240 m NE; 170: 280 m NW. Closest recent building Recent mitato 50 m N, modern mitato in use 70 m S
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Terraced rocky slopes on the upper outskirts of olive-plantations, naturally probably mixed open kermes oak forest. Some fertile colluvial depressions. Fields Mostly terraces in small langades but well protected in rocky surroundings
Comments What looks now like a dwelling ruin may in part be recently re- arranged: Lines don’t look like part of a building, may have been part of a court with building inside.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 787
Site 205 Region Just W of Sto Mantáli Lakko Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 630
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Probably ca. 10x5 plus polygonic parts that are unclear: too overgrown for clearer judgment. Ruin Size ca ca. 50 sqm minimum. Ruin max. standing Level (under one dense bush might be a double oncolithic course, ca. 0,8 m - but that might be bedrock as well (bush too dense). Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face. Some oncolithic blocks and big rubble, using bedrock. Largest stones in perivolos surrounding court above ruin.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area To E, S and SW of dwelling ca. 700 m of p.-wall, whole area shape unclear (possibly shared with 199 and 209 area). Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Very overgrown with high bushes, but some traces of a terraced garden are visible N of dwelling ruin. Large “court”-like structure on hilltop to SW (ca. 650 sqm). Roads Two roads (#2) passing 70 m SW and SE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds visible only (dense ground cover) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Two roads (#2) passing 70 m SW and SE (this partly visible). View-Visibility Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 199: 160 m N; 209: 190 m NW. Closest recent building Recent mitato 70 m S, partly used mitato 90 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Theologos ca.800 m NW Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest. Now re-used until recently as fields with cereals, almonds, olives. Fields Some softly sloped terraces, some rocky, steeper terraces, some small colluvial depressions.
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Comments Dense overgrowth makes parts of the ruin nearly invisible, but against my original impression that there might have been two buildings I now believe there was only one with various corners, but connected. The outside walls (court, garden vel sim.) look different, and especially the unusual large court on the hilltop above contains the most oncolithic masonry in the area.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 789
Site 206 Region Amygdalidi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 677
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 70 sqm (6x7+4x7) (possibly part avli?) Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face. Mostly big rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts only, area very overgrown. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of wallings surrounding the ruin suggest various outer structures. Roads Road (#2) Kroustas-Megali Limni/Pateragiorgis passing 130 m to E. Small (#2-3) connecting road from there.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds visible (90% ground cover). Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 1 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A, tucked into small amphitheatral recess in NE-facing slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) Kroustas-Megali Limni/Pateragiorgis passing 130 m to E. Small (#2-3) connecting road from there. Not visible. View-Visibility Mirabello, Thylakas, some fields Closest neighbouring known sites 83B: 220 m NW; 115: 250 m SE. Closest recent building Recent mitato (partly still used) 300 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest. Now re-used until recently as fields with cereals, almonds, olives. Fields Whole area terraced rocky slopes, some with good soil. Some colluvial depressions and langades.
Comments Structure seems carelessly built (or very eroded), no perivolos findable in two visits of the area (but very high thorny phrygana covers surroundings).
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 790
Site 207 Region Amygdalidi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map E8 Height (above sea level) 608
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic Ruin Size ca ca.50sqm (one wall ca.8 m - but generally no clear walls discernable in brush) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 1 course (visible) Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced, rubble used, too (ruin area looks like a small tell).
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts only, area very overgrown. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of wallings surrounding the ruin suggest various outer structures. Roads Road (#2) passing 40 m SW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds visible (ground cover, close to the cliff ), partly 60 m NE at mandra ruin. Rounded rims. medium fine Type 4 sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A, tucked into small amphitheatral recess in NE-facing slope, 60 m from N and NE-facing cliff. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Exposed. Access Road (#2) passing 40 m SW. View-Visibility Mirabello, Thylakas, some fields Closest neighbouring known sites 199, 209: 230 m S/SE. Closest recent building Recent mandra 50 m NE (with some possibly earlier pottery at it), recent mitato 330 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Theologos 500 m NE, but cliff inbetween Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest. Now re-used until recently as fields with cereals, almonds, olives. Fields Area soft slope with fertile terraces, a terraced depression with very fertile colluvial soil (held by oncolithic walls downhill) to E.
Comments The pottery at the mandra below could hardly have drifted down and up a little knoll naturally from site.
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Site 208 Region South of Sti Skala (198) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 580
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, big blocks. Ruin Size ca ? 70 sqm (+63?) : 7x10 (+6x9?) - uncertain where ruin ends (possibly 2nd part), if N wall is really ruin Ruin max. standing 2,1 m 4 courses? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, some huge blocks.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts only, area very overgrown (to over 1 m). Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of an inner perivolos visible 50 m W of dwelling ruin, A small court at dwelling ruin level and a terraced garden below probable. Roads Road (#2) Kroustas-Megali Limni/Pateragiorgis passing 20 m S. Crossing with road (#2) to site there.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. Storage, medium fine Type 4 sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) Kroustas-Megali Limni/Pateragiorgis passing 20 m S. Crossing with road (#2) to site there. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas, Pano Kastellos Closest neighbouring known sites 198: 210 m N; 105: 230 m S. Closest recent building Active Mitato 180 m N, field-house next to it to E.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Theologos 800 m (below cliff, but on road) Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest. Now re-used until recently as fields with cereals, almonds, olives. High thorny phrygana shows fertility of soil. Fields Slope with fertile terraces (many with oncolithic construction).
Comments Area densely overgrown with human-high thorny brushes, state of surrounding walls thus difficult to judge.
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Site 209 Region Amygdalidi Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 630
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 117 sqm 9x13 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row, single face, rubble backed – typical rubble covered tell- like slope below.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts only, very overgrown. Possibly sharing a large perivolos with 199 and 205. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Probably small garden on NE side of ruin. Roads Road (#2) Kroustas-Megali Limni/Pateragiorgis passing 50 m S. Connection probably along perivolos.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section. Storage, medium fine Type 2 and 4 . A thin medium fine Type 4 body sherd (only slightly curved) is covered with a densely combed relief on the inside while slipped and burnished outside. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A, tucked into small amphitheatral recess in NE-facing slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Road (#2) Kroustas-Megali Limni/Pateragiorgis passing 50 m S. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 199: 150 m NE; 205: 190 m SE; Closest recent building Partly active mitato 250 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest. Now re-used until recently as fields with cereals, almonds, olives. Fields Soft slope with terraces inbetween rocky patches, some colluvial depressions.
Comments Clearly visible rubble-tell around oncolithic base. Built as kind of krepidoma or fallen from upper constructions?
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Site 210 Region Tafos W - Stis Tourkisses Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map H7 Height (above sea level) 826
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Ruin area sits in the middle of a flat hilltop like 211, 46 Ruin Size ca ? 120 sqm + 12x9-13 (unclear where ruin and where hilltop- edge is built) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Few parts double row, double face, with some rubble backing where main wall stones were big rubble.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts in forest, but exact shape unclear Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim One probable milking mandra, sveral other walled spaces surrounding ruin (well preserved) Roads Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 40 m N.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds visible (ground cover in forest). medium fine Type 3 fabric. A medium fine Type 4 carinated cup sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth 1 Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A - on a rocky ledge-top at the N-facing slopes of a long W-E valley. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Through road (#1-2) Kroustas-Katharo/Malles via Tafos passing 40 m N. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fortezza, some sites on opp slope without trees Closest neighbouring known sites 128: 120 m N; 178: 170 m S. Closest recent building Mitato 350 m NE – E of 122
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Open (and partly dense) mixed pine and kermes oak forest. Fields Colluvial fields in forest valleys just below site S and E.
Comments The dwelling ruin has a close inner perivolos exactly surrounding the edges of the site knoll (cf. 46, 211)
Bibliography Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 794
Site 211 Region Tafos Fortezza Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 842
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin area sits in the middle of a flat hilltop like 210, 46. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 48sqm: 6x8 Ruin max. standing 0,4 m 1 course in parts Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Probably single row, single face (this is visible - ruin parts level, half covered in forest debris) with rubble backing (one part between ruin and
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 32.650 Perivolos length (km) 0,75 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim The closer spaces around the ruin where level were walled, surrounding the edge of the ledge with the dwelling, probably several compartments. Roads Small road (#2-3) from W and Site 132 ending here. Partly preserved.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds visible (ground cover in forest). medium fine Type 2. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position N facing - on a rocky ledge-top at the N slopes of a higher ridge. Strategical Position Defensible Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Small road (#2-3) from W and Site 132 ending here. Last part visible. View-Visibility Fields, 46B, Mirabello near Agios (possibly Thylakas peak without trees?) Closest neighbouring known sites 123: 120 m S; 175: 160 m NW. Closest recent building Mitato 300 m S – E of 122
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open (in some parts dense) pine and kermes oak forest Fields Colluvial fields in forest valleys and depressions around site
Comments The ruin has a close inner perivolos exactly surrounding the edges of the site knoll (cf. 46, 210)
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Site 212 Region Tafos Fortezza Map Tafos 9634 7 Main Map H8 Height (above sea level) 770
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 30 sqm 5x6 Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 145B: 51.400 Perivolos length (km) 1,3 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Parts of wallings surrounding the ruin suggest various outer structures. Roads Road (#2) passing 15 m SW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few sherds visible (ground cover). Tripod leg flat oval section. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Sandstone whetstone cum rubber (type 2) big flat natural pebble.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing 15 m SW. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 192: 170 m W; 48: 230 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato/fieldhouse 80 m SW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Mixed open pine and kermes oak forest Fields Some terraced slopes, some colluvial depressions (one walled using part of perivolos and still in use).
Comments The region between Sites 145B and 212 have been intensely re-used until recently and are now partly densely overgrown, thus traces of a perivolos wall between the two might be hidden in there.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 796
Site 213 Region Pyrgoni Notiko (N) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9 Height (above sea level) 645
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 100 sqm: 10x10 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with some rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 213B: 86.400 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 15.100 L: 500 m Roads Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous/Argoulida passing close.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage. Slightly everted rims. medium fine Type 4 sherds. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous/Argoulida passing close. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Not Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 213B: 40 m W; 142: 270 m NE Closest recent building Mitato above 143: 290 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest, now mostly agricultural, almond, olives. Fields Terraced slopes and fertile langades S+W of sites.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 797
Site 213 B Region Pyrgoni Notiko (N) Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map G9 Height (above sea level) 645
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic with rubble Ruin Size ca ca. 41 sqm: ca. 7x7+4x1,5 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m - 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with 213: 86.400 Perivolos length (km) 1,2 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 5.900 L: 390 m Roads Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous/Argoulida passing close.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, mostly storage, of at least 3 big pithoi. 80 m to W several large (8cm thick) flat Type 4 sherds as if from a big flat brick (and one Type 1 small vessel sherd). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#2) Kroustas-Katharo via Asfendamous/Argoulida passing close. Visible. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Not Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 213: 40 m E; 142: 300 m NE. Closest recent building Mitato above 143: 300 m SE
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest, now mostly agricultural, almond, olives. Fields Terraced slopes and fertile langades S+W of sites.
Comments 50 m W of site two joining parts of a large, probably accidentally fired (the two parts have different colours) brick (?) were seen with a small Minoan scatter.
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Site 214 Region Azylakochámpaso Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 642
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind Pottery scatter in overgrown area with various structure parts, no clear ruin visible. Ruin Size ca Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Shared with/in same p. as 215: 39.600 Perivolos length (km) 1,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Traces surrounding the scatter area. Roads Road N-S (#2) connecting 208 S to 106 passing 50 m E
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Scatter, small pieces, but dense enough to suppose a dwelling site Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected from W and S winds. Access Through road (#2) Kroustas Kithio passing 50 m E, probable connection. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Not Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 105: 90 m NE Closest recent building Mitato 300 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest, now mostly overgrowing recent agricultural (olives)). Fields Terraced soft slope
Comments No ruin visible, but the area has many high thorny bushes that might hide traces of a ruin in at least two positions. The surrounding walling may in part be BA.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 799
Site 215 Region Azylakochámpaso Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 674
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Three walls partly preserved. Ruin Size ca 100 sqm: (9x9+6x3+) Ruin max. standing 0,8 m - 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 1 Perivolos area Shared with/in same p. as 214: 39.600 Perivolos length (km) 1,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road N-S (#2) connecting 208 S to 106 passing 100 m E
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval, little storage, half fine Type 4 pieces Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Through road (#2) Kroustas Kithio passing 100 m E, connection via #1 road. View-Visibility Fields, Thylakas, Not Fortezza Closest neighbouring known sites 216: 130 m SW, 107: 250 m SE Closest recent building Mitato 370 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Has a well preserved cistern. Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest, now mostly recently overgrown agricultural, almond, olives. Fields Good fields on surrounding softly sloping terraces.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 800
Site 216 Region Azylakochámpaso Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 688
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, two walls partly preserved. Ruin Size ca 50 sqm (ca. 7x7 possibly larger), if that oncolithic outer part was avli (possible), ruin size unclear, 7x X. Ruin max. standing 1,1 m - 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row, single face with rubble backing.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 1 Perivolos area Parts towards 215, rest unclear (dense overgrowth). Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#3) from W connecting site, 220 m NW through road from Ta Skalia/Theologos to S/SW
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage, one piece with pure GD temper Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to N-winds. Access Road (#3) from W connecting site to through road (from Ta Skalia/ Theologos to S/SW) View-Visibility Fields, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 215: 130 m NE, 116: 330 m NW Closest recent building Mitato/fieldhouse 330 m NW (at 116)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Has a well preserved cistern. Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest, now mostly recently overgrown agricultural, almond, olives. Fields Fertile colluvial fields in two adjoining langades, slopes terraced.
Comments The cistern (8 m SW of ruin, Ø 4,5-2,5 m) seems to have been partly reused in later times (?) with a small, well-like compartment built in its lowest, N side with a small opening (koumos, as mentioned by local shepherd).
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Site 217 Region Just S of Sto Mantáli Lakko Map Kroustas 9634 5 Main Map F8 Height (above sea level) 646
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca 56 sqm (ca. 7x8) Ruin max. standing 0,5-0,8 m - 1-2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only. Overgrown and not well preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round Perivolos area Parts towards 205, rest unclear (dense overgrowth). Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Space NE of ruin is partly enclosed (overgrown). Roads Through road (#2) from Ta Skalia/Theologos to 116 and S passing at 20 m W. Through road (#1-2) Kroustas to NW (now partly bulldozed) 140 m N
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small scatter(overgrown), rounded rim, medium fine Type 1 Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only to NE langada open). Access Through road (#2) from Ta Skalia/Theologos to 116 and S passing at 20 m W. View-Visibility Fields, road, Mirabello, Thylakas Closest neighbouring known sites 116: 200 m W Closest recent building Mitato group 120-130 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally probably open mixed kermes oak forest, now mostly recently overgrown agricultural, almond, olives. Fields Very good, slightly sloping colluvial depressions, slopes terraced.
Comments Densely bushy surroundings show the fertility of the region but make a clear measurement of the ruin and outside structures nearly impossible.
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Site KA 01 Region Kato Kaminaki/Kalamavka Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 1010
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. 3 walls slightly changed to aloni (unusual with double wall), 4th wall below mitato-wall. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca.49 sqm: 7x7 Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts to S and SW, no clear walled area recognizable Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads On road (#2) connecting the Kroustas-Tafos area with the Pano Kaminaki area (details unclear: recent re-use). Parts preserved (ancient?)
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, storage, nearly fine Type 4 conical cup base. Intense re-use of site as mitato - few pieces visible. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access On road (#2) connecting the Kroustas-Tafos area with the Pano Kaminaki area (details unclear: recent re-use). Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Ierapetra Closest neighbouring known sites KA05B: 170 m SE; KA05: 200 m SE. Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 350 m E, well (recent) 130 m S Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Terraced slopes (phyllite and clay rich soil), small colluvial depressions.
Comments The site is visible on the 1:5000 map as aloni (next to mitato).
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 803
Site KA 02 Region Kato Kaminaki/Kalamavka Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 985
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. With lots of >extensions< Ruin Size ca 63 sqm min: 9x7 - possibly there is another ruin among the many surrounding fallen walls. Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts from SE to NW, no clear walled area recognizable. Perivolos length (km) 0,3 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Dwelling ruin surrounded by many smaller compartments in walling, probably at least one milking mandra (re-used?). Roads Road (#2) connecting the Kroustas-Tafos area with the Pano Kaminaki area and S passing 80 m NW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, storage (big body sherds), medium fine Type 2 and 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Brown veined pebble (polisher vel sim.? Similar kind of pebble as at Site 3), no pecking marks.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) connecting the Kroustas-Tafos area with the Pano Kaminaki area and S passing 80 m NW. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Ierapetra Closest neighbouring known sites KA06: 190 m SW; KA03: 200 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato 260 m NE (at Site KA01)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Sspring 500 m E Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Small colluvial depressions on both sides of rocky ridge with site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 473
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 804
Site KA 03 Region Kato Kaminaki/Kalamavka Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 960
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Has a closed (still in parts) cistern. Partly askew. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca. 88 sqm: (7x8+8x3,5+) Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double faced.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round a Perivolos area Long parts from SE to NW, no clear walled area recognizable. Perivolos length (km) 0,2 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Various oncolithic parts in structures surrounding dwelling ruin. Roads Road (#2) connecting the Kroustas-Tafos area with the Pano Kaminaki area and S passing 80 m NW
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, storage, medium fine Type 4 (dense scatter of small pieces). Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) connecting the Kroustas-Tafos area with the Pano Kaminaki area and S passing 80 m NW. Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, Ierapetra Closest neighbouring known sites KA04: 90 m SE; KA02: 200 m NW. Closest recent building Mitato 360 m N (at Site KA01)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 400 m NE Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Small colluvial depressions. Long langada softly terraced.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 474
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 805
Site KA 04 Region Kato Kaminaki/Kalamavka Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 945
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca.110 sqm: (12x7+4x4) Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts from SE to NW, no clear walled area recognizable. Perivolos length (km) 0,2 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Enclosed spaces W and NW of ruin. Roads Road (#2) connecting the Kroustas-Tafos area with the Pano Kaminaki area and S passing 170 m NW (connection probably via KA03).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Flat oval tripod leg section. Few sherds only - all cooking fabric. Body sherdwithlug handle, base of stemmed vessel. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics - Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) connecting the Kroustas-Tafos area with the Pano Kaminaki area and S passing 170 m NW (connection probably via KA03). Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Ierapetra Closest neighbouring known sites KA03: 90 m NW; KA14: 170 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato 420 m N (at Site KA01)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 350 m NE Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Small colluvial depressions. Long langada softly terraced.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 475
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 806
Site KA 05 Region Kato Kaminaki/Kalamavka Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 944
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca.100sqm: 10x10 Ruin max. standing 1 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only. Some single row, doubled faced parts.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area None seen. Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Probable road (at position of modern bulldozed track).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section (big, with a stabilizing short rim on the top underside), storage. medium fine Type1 straight-sided cup base/ side, polychrome painted sherd (the two latter at recently bulldozed slope 5 m below ruin) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Knoll-top - on a lower knoll than the other knoll-top sites, raised only 4 m over surroundings on W side, steep rise to E and S. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Probable road (at position of modern bulldozed track). Would have been visible. View-Visibility Fields, road, Ierapetra Closest neighbouring known sites KA05B: 70 m W; KA01: 210 m NW. Closest recent building Fieldhouse in use 190 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 200 m E Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Terraced slopes, small colluvial depressions. Langades softly terraced to NE (with spring) and S.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 807
Comments As the perivolos situation is unclear because of the intense erosion and bulldozing (for a road in serpentines right below the site), it is unclear if KA05 and KA05B should be seen as one site - the pottery scatters are on clearly enough different spots.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 477
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 808
Site KA 05 B Region Kato Kaminaki/Kalamavka Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 967
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Ruin area sits in the middle of a flat hilltop like 210, 211, 46. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca.64 sqm: 8x8 Ruin max. standing 0,6 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only. Some single row, doubled faced parts.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area None seen. Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Probable road (at position of modern bulldozed track).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few small sherds only on eroded hilltop site, greater variation S below (off-site of KA05). medium fine Type 1 and 4 sherds. One sherd of Haggis/Mook class III. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) 1 green-gray steatite chip.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 - on an E-facing knoll, raised only 4 m over surroundings on W side, steep rise to E and S. Strategical Position Highly defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Generally protected by higher slopes of the surrounding area, although probably south winds would be funnelled into the valley and thus hit this hilltop site. Access Probable road (at position of modern bulldozed track). Would have been visible. View-Visibility all - obvious Vigla Closest neighbouring known sites KA05: 70 m E; KA01: 170 m NW. Closest recent building Fieldhouse in use 260 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 280 m E Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Terraced slopes, small colluvial depressions. Langades softly terraced to NE (with spring) and S.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 809
Comments As the perivolos situation is unclear because of the intense erosion and bulldozing (for a road in serpentines right below the site), it is unclear if KA05 and KA05B should be seen as one site - the pottery scatters are on clearly enough different spots.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 479
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 810
Site KA 06 Region Kato Kaminaki/Kalamavka Xylosyrtis Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 992
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca.52 sqm: 8x5-8 Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row, single faced with rubble backing.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area 22.900 Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Possible, ruin area and walls very eroded. Roads Road (#2) traceable until ca. 30 m N of site. Continued possibly to S.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval. medium fine hard Type 4 variety: Rim and base sherd of tray, painted with dark line in and out Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B in small amphitheatral NE facing recess. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) traceable until ca. 30 m N of site. Continued possibly to S. View-Visibility Fields, road, Closest neighbouring known sites KA02: 190 m NE; KA17: 290 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato 430 m NE (at Site KA01)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 680 m E Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Terraced slopes, small colluvial depressions.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 480
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 811
Site KA 07 Region Stou Maríno ti skála Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J5 Height (above sea level) 984
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces, possibly part of one wall in field wall. Ruin Size ca one wall 7 Ruin max. standing 0,3 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row parts visible, rubble remains in the surroundings suggest single faced with rubble backing.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area long parts Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Probably on road from KA 10 to E (modern track partly visible in that vicinity).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval section, storage, medium fine Type 4 sherd, carinated cup sherd medium fine Type 2 Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Probably on road from KA 10 to E (modern track partly visible in that vicinity). View-Visibility Fields, Closest neighbouring known sites KA06: 290 m SE; KA02: 330 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato 370 m E (at Site KA01)
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring 700 m E, kavousi (or former well?) 20 m from site. Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. At edge of burnt area. Fields Terraced slopes, small colluvial depressions. Langada softly terraced S at site. Phyllite and clay rich soil holding water.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 481
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 812
Site KA 08 Region Sto Mitataki (pass to Kato Kaminaki) Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map F7 Height (above sea level) 973
DWELLING - Ruin(s) No Ruin kind A few big blocks under mitato ruin could be parts of ancient structures. Close to there the perivolos is extremely well preserved which suggests that there should have been a dwelling in the region. Ruin Size ca ? traces at later mitato Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 28.200 Perivolos length (km) 0,8 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads On road (#2) over pass connecting Kroustas forest and Pano Kaminaki/Xylosyrtis areas (KA sites). Parts well preserved (ancient?).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few Minoan sherds seen only - habitation site? (Most pottery Venetian and later) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Rocky edge of broad saddle (NE-SW) with several deeper dolines. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access On road (#2) over pass connecting Kroustas forest and Pano Kaminaki/Xylosyrtis areas (KA sites). Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road (pass) Closest neighbouring known sites 168: 390 m E. Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kavousi 100 m SE Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest. Fields Terraced slopes, small colluvial depressions, two larger colluvium- filled dolines.
Comments The region has some of the most impressively rugged karstic rock formations of the area, right next to fertile dolines.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 813
Site KA 09 Region Sto gerolákko Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J5 Height (above sea level) 1046
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic- ruin well preserved on all sides (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca.170 sqm (12x12+7x5)+ half round structure? Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Mixed double and single row, double faced (some spota with rubble backing)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area Long parts in various parts of the forest surrounding the site, no clear walled area recognizable. Perivolos length (km) 0,7 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Dwelling ruin surrounded by many smaller compartments in walling, on W side a larger court or garden (ca. 400 sqm) Roads Road (#2) traceable until ca. 30 m S of site. Continued possibly to NW. Possible second road (#2) passing 100 m N (parts preserved).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, non conical (long straight handle?), dark red variety of Type 3. Cooking body sherd nearly pure phyllite (soft, rough material) with traces of rope band. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: N-facing next to the bottom of a 200 m W-E running langada (at broadest point:120m) with a small opening E. High slope to the N, 12 m to S. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) traceable until ca. 30 m S of site. Continued possibly to NW. Possible second road (#2) passing 100 m N. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields only Closest neighbouring known sites KA10B: 250 m NW; KA10: 300 m NW. Closest recent building Mitato 300 m NW near KA 10
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? round structure at coolest, most humid place could have been cistern Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest. Fields Terrced slopes, fertile colluvial valley surrounding site with soft terracing.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 814
Comments The absence of pottery around the ruin is unusual. The (bed-)rocky ground surrounding it suggests a strong erosion at some time in the past. Very good position of protection for the height of over 1000m!
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 484
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 815
Site KA 10 Region Karvounolakkos Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J4-5 Height (above sea level) 1092
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Ruin well preserved on all sides (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 120 sqm 10x12 Ruin max. standing 2,2 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face, all walls. Big blocks. The ruin exists as square of walls in the 1:5000 map.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts in various areas of the forest surrounding the site. Perivolos length (km) 0,2 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Dwelling ruin surrounded by many smaller compartments in walling, on E side a larger court. Roads Unclear (small part of small road #3 to S preserved).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery No pottery seen in further region, although there is hardly ground cover on the soil patches surrounding the ruin. Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Ridge: W facing, on a ridge edge with higher slope to N+E. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected to E and S, only slightly to N. Access Unclear (small part of small road #3 to S preserved). Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites KA10B: 60 m SE; KA09: 300 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato ruin (longer than war, say locals) 30 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest. Fields Slopes terraced, fertile soil in terraced langada to N.
Comments Even though there is quite a good view of soil where there are no rocks there was no pottery seen at all - should that be seen as a sign of some “special function” - or was the dwelling built and never used because of its unfortunate (for winds) setting? As the perivolos situation is unclear because of the position of the sites in a very overgrown forest, it is not possible to say if KA10 and KA10B should be seen as one site.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 816
Site KA 10 B Region Karvounolakkos Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J4-5 Height (above sea level) 1084
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Independent site or part of 10? Ruin Size ca ? Unclear shape and character,possibly re-used as mandra Ruin max. standing 1m 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area See Site 10 Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Unclear (small part of small road #3 to W preserved). Second road part (#2) 80 m E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery No pottery seen, ground cover 100%, forest. But see also the lack of pottery at the close neighbour (or main dwelling) KA10. Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Unclear (small part of small road #3 to S preserved). Second road part (#2) 80 m E, this one partly visible. View-Visibility Closest neighbouring known sites KA10: 60 m NW; KA09: 240 m SE. Closest recent building Mitato ruin 75 m NW, see above
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) ? Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest. Fields Slopes terraced, fertile soil in terraced langada to N.
Comments As the perivolos situation is unclear because of the position of the sites in a very overgrown forest, it is unclear if KA10 and KA10B should be seen as one site - neither has yielded any pottery.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 486
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 817
Site KA 11 Region Kato Kaminaki Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J7 Height (above sea level) 861
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 208 sqm: 13x16 Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row, single faced, with rubble backing. Some Double row double faced spots.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 18.000 Perivolos length (km) 0,6 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Perivolos area subdivided into several larger spaces framing good fields. Roads Closest known part of road (#2-3) 80 m W.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, one nearly pure phyllite (Type 2). Cooking ware (Type 1) sherd with carination, medium fine Haggis/Mook class III sherd, carinated cup sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Closest known part of road (#2-3) 80 m W. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Iearpetra+sea, Kalamavka Kastellos, pass possibly from 2nd floor Closest neighbouring known sites KA11B: 60 m NW; KA12: 330 m S. Closest recent building Fieldhouse near spring, 400 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kaminaki spring Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Well structured colluvium filled depressions with all kinds of walls, partly visible on map, good quality soil in spite of many rocky parts optimally put to use like fieldwalls.
Comments Fields especially well structured, might be measurable on satellite image.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 818
Site KA 11 B Region Kato Kaminaki Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J7 Height (above sea level) 867
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 91 sqm: 7x13 Ruin max. standing 0,9 m 2-3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Part - W of site Perivolos length (km) 0,15 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Closest known part of road (#2-3) 30 m SW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small sherds visible only (dense ground cover), very obvious content of grano-diorite. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Closest known part of road (#2-3) 30 m SW. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, pass from edge of cliff, Ierapetra from nearby higher rock Closest neighbouring known sites KA11: 60 m SE; KA 14: 320 m S. Closest recent building Fieldhouse near spring, 350 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kaminaki spring Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Colluvium filled depression at site, long terraced langada to N.
Comments Functional connection with pass close by?
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 488
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 819
Site KA 11 C Region Kato Kaminaki Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J7 Height (above sea level) 808
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Few oncolithic blocks and bedrock shape a humble rectangle Ruin Size ca Ruin max. standing 1,2 m - 2 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Big blocks with bedrock in parts of outer faces.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area In same perivolos as 12B and possibly 14 Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim NW of ruin lies a walled level space, oval, ca. 10-12 m diameter. Roads Closest known part of road (#2-3) 90 m WSW at Site KA12B.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Very little pottery, Minoan fabrics. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone, a chipped piece of black chert.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on 3 sides, open only to SE. Access Closest known part of road (#2-3) to KA12B ends 90 m WSW. View-Visibility Fields, Ierapetra+sea. Closest neighbouring known sites KA12B: 65 m W. Closest recent building Fieldhouse near spring, 500 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kaminaki spring Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Colluvium filled depressions and small terraced langades.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 489
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 820
Site KA 12 Region Kato Kaminaki Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J7 Height (above sea level) 841
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, ruin well preserved on all sides. (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 49 sqm: 7x7 +avli or possibly outbuildings Ruin max. standing 1,3 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 15.300 Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Closest known part of road (#2-3) 220 m SW. Connection along perivolos?
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Storage: Pithoid jar rim Type 4 with big chunks (3-5-mmm) of grano-diorite, medium fine Type 1, fine jug base Ø 6-7cm. Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Closest known part of road (#2-3) 220 m SW. Connection along perivolos? Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, Fields below to NE Sti Sia Closest neighbouring known sites KA13: 200 m W; KA11: 330 m N. Closest recent building Fieldhouse near spring, 400 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kaminaki spring Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Colluvium filled depressions and small terraced langades. One walled large terrace at site possibly garden.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 821
Site KA 12 B Region Kato Kaminaki Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J7 Height (above sea level) 816
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, ruin well preserved on lower sides, upper uncertain (bedrock?) Ruin Size ca ca. 35 sqm: (7x5) Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double face (some single blocks, too) where preserved. Large stone: 1,1 x 1,1 x 0,6 m.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area In same perivolos as 11C and possibly 14 Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Flat walled space below ruin could have been court/garden (ca. 450 sqm). Roads
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, storage handle of otherwise unknown in the area buff fabric with many various inclusions but no GD. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on 3 sides, open only to SE. Access Small road (# 2-3) from W near KA14 reaches close View-Visibility Fields, Ierapetra+sea. Closest neighbouring known sites KA11C: 65 m E; KA13: 180 m S. Closest recent building Fieldhouse near spring, 500 m NW.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kaminaki spring Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Colluvium filled depressions and long terraced langades. Walled space below dwelling ruin possibly garden.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 822
Site KA 13 Region Kato Kaminaki Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J7 Height (above sea level) 880
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, ruin well preserved on all sides (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 72 sqm 8x9 Ruin max. standing 1,8 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with some spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area 50.900 Perivolos length (km) 0,95 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Walled oval with slight incline below (S) ruin ca. 750 sqm. Roads Small road (#2-3) from KA 14.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Cooking ware base, medium fine Type 1 sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) -
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Small road (# 2-3) from NW near KA14 reaches close. View-Visibility Fields, Iearpetra+sea, Mirabello edge at Kavousi Closest neighbouring known sites KA19: 160 m NW; KA12: 200 m W; Closest recent building Fieldhouse near spring, 700 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kaminaki spring Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Colluvium filled depressions and fertile terraced langada below S.
Comments Very well preserved, rubble filled (BA?) ruin, comparatively little pottery.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 823
Site KA 14 Region Kato Kaminaki Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map J6-7 Height (above sea level) 905
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, extremely complicated system of walls at the site (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca. 150 sqm: 7x10 (+several other, unclear which is building which avli) Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined 1 Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced. Some single row, doubled faced parts.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area On the edge of the perivolos containing 12B and 11 C: 59.000. It’s unclear if possibly this site had its p. to N (unknown details, very eroded). Perivolos length (km) 1,1 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Extremely complicated system of walls surrounding the main ruin, including at least three smaller sub-divisions. One larger enclosure (ca. 400 sqm) to NE of dwelling ruin. Roads Small road (#2-3) passing 20 m E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section with 2 grooves on underside. Few sherds (dense ground cover) One sherd of Type 2 nearly pure phyllite. medium fine Type 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth - Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone.
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Small road (#2-3) passing 20 m E. Part visible. View-Visibility Ierapetra+ South coast Closest neighbouring known sites KA19: 130 m SE; KA19B: 140 m S. Closest recent building Fieldhouse near spring, 400 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kaminaki spring Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Colluvium filled depressions and small terraced langades. Unclear if part of the larger terraced langada to SE belonged here. Site surroundings immensely rocky with tiny depressions.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 824
Comments Complicated ruin, unclear which is house and which other structures, some half round parts
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 825
Site KA 15 Region Pano Kaminaki “Leniko” Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map I3 Height (above sea level) 1120
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, parts re-used in Roman times. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 1,6 m 3-4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Big blocks, visible wall face could be ruin E wall or retaining wall.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Many walls in this region look possibly BA, but clear distinction masked by Roman re-use. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) leading up SW from through road (#1-2) Kroustas- Malles, continuing to Psychro (KR04) and Katharo.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval, storage - lots of Roman pottery (site re-used on much larger style in Roman times). Storage: Pithos body sherd Type 3 with big (2-3mm) pieces of grano-diorite Type 1 1 Type 2 Type 3 1 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Melian millstone (in Roman scatter).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2A Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) leading up from SE from through road (#1-2) Kroustas- Malles. Not visible. View-Visibility Unclear, in trees Closest neighbouring known sites KR04: 380 m NW. Closest recent building Metochi Psychro 380 m NW
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Psychro spring 380 m NW, second spring 400 m SW Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest. Fields Terraced langades and slopes. Some of the best fields in the area with water in winter and spring (hence probably re-used in Roman times).
Comments Difficult to judge the situation in detail, region intensely re-used in Roman and recent times. Highest in altitude known in Crete Roman settlement.
Bibliography Cf. Chaniotis (varia) for Roman mountain use. Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 826
Site KA 16 Region Kato Kaminaki Map Xylosyrtis 9644 1 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 944
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, big (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 263 sqm (18x15+7x7+9trigon) Ruin max. standing 1,5 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with few spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only. Some single row, doubled faced parts. Huge blocks, offset in long E wall, with krepidoma in SE corner.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts - only close to site visible. Perivolos length (km) 0,2 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Some walls indicate a larger court below dwelling ruin (S). Roads Road (#2) passing 50 m W. Continuing possibly to SW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section (9 pieces seen). Storage, medium fine Type1 and 4, Type 4 handle with red paint underneath, carinated cup, possible beehive sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics - Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) passing 50 m W. Continuing possibly to SW. Not visible. View-Visibility Two seas, a few Fields, KA13 Closest neighbouring known sites KA18: 130 m N. Closest recent building 700 m NE: Fieldhouse at spring
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring E of KA05, 700 m N Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Terraced S-facing slopes, small depressions and probably parts of the wide terraced colluvial langada to S.
Comments Visiting the ruin gives an impression of wealth and easy living, partly because of the wonderful wide view to the Aegean and Lybian sea to E.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 827
Site KA 17 Region Kato Kaminaki Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 973
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic traces. Ruin Size ca ? Probably ca. 50 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1? Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Single row, single faced (partly big rubble) with rubble backing, rubble filled.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts NW and SE of dwelling site. Area unclear. Perivolos length (km) 0,4 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Clearly defined: 2.400 sqm. Includes a small court next to ruin. Big stone wall built mandra - unclear if recent or ancient (no recent pottery, masonry mixed) - close below ruin. Roads Road (#2) from KA02-KA03 area towards KA18 passing 80 m NW.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section, one grooved; storage, wiped wares, one bright orange soft sherd. Scatter dense, nearly exclusively within ruin. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 2B Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) from KA02-KA03 area towards KA18 passing 80 m NW. Visible. View-Visibility Slope with few terraces and road below, sites on opposite part of valley (KA 01, KA02). Closest neighbouring known sites KA18: 140 m SE. Closest recent building 500 m N: Mitato at KA01
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well near KA01 (ca.400 m) Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest. Fields Colluvium filled depressions and small terraced langades. Some good field terraces on even parts of slope below site preserved.
Comments Erosion was probably mostly recent: Pottery in dense scatter inside of probable ruin, hardly any elsewhere.
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 828
Site KA 18 Region Kato Kaminaki Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 966
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 48sqm: 6x8 Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Long parts, area unclear. Perivolos length (km) 0,5 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 250 sqm of court/mandra below ruin (SE), S side bedrock. Roads Road (#2) from KA02-KA03 area towards KA16 passing close to site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Only two sherds seen (dense ground cover), one base of straightsided cup Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) from KA02-KA03 area towards KA16 passing close to site. Visible. View-Visibility Two seas, a few Fields, KA19 without trees? Closest neighbouring known sites KA16: 130 m S. KA17: 140 m NW. Closest recent building 600 m N: Mitato at KA01
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well near KA01 (ca.500 m) Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Some good colluvial fields in depressions below.
Comments If ruin wasn’t so well preserved, the two tiny pieces of pottery would never have cought anybody’s eye.
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 829
Site KA 19 Region Kato Kaminaki Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 909
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic well preserved (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 111 sqm: (9x10+7x3) Ruin max. standing 1,8 m 4-5 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row, double faced, all walls well preserved.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 1 Perivolos area Unclear area - possibly shared with KA18, certainly with KA19B. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1400 sqm, several inner sections, one probable milking mandra. Roads Unclear. Closest known road (#2) 100 m E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs oval and flat oval section, rounded rim. Medium fine Type 1+4 pieces, little fineware. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Unclear. Closest known road (#2) 100 m E. Not visible. View-Visibility Few Fields below to E, two seas, from edge slightly N (and possibly an upper floor?) KA 14? Closest neighbouring known sites KA19B: 60 m NW; KA14: 140 m N. Closest recent building Fieldhouse at spring 500m
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kato Kaminaki main spring 500 m N Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Colluvium filled depressions and small terraced langades. Some terraces downslope eroded.
Comments Very well preserved surrounding walls/inner perivoloi, one of the best examples, First seen on GE
Bibliography Known also to Villy Apostolakou (KD Eforia, pers. Comm.)
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 830
Site KA 19B Region Kato Kaminaki Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J6 Height (above sea level) 924
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, well preserved (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca ca.90 sqm (8x7+5x5++) Ruin max. standing 1,2 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square Ruin type 2: Polygon 1 Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with parts of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only. Some single row, doubled faced parts. Lots of bedrock used, hence the very uneven shape, one right angle only.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round u Perivolos area Unclear - if what remains is all: Possibly shared with KA18, certainly with KA19 (see also extensive inner perivoloi here) Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type 1 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim 1700 sqm, several inner sections. Mandra or avli right next to ruin W: Small upright slabs, inside has lots of rubble. Roads Unclear. Closest known road (#2) 180 m W.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, generally little pottery (ground cover), medium fine Type 4 Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Unclear. Closest known road (#2) 180 m W. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields, 2 seas(just) Closest neighbouring known sites KA19: 60 m SE; KA14: 140 m NE. Closest recent building Fieldhouse at spring 500 m to N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Kato Kaminaki main spring 500 m N Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Colluvium filled depressions and small terraced langades. Terraces downslope eroded.
Comments Extremely clever use of bedrock for dwelling ruin
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 831
Site KA 20 Region Kaparoú (Tou Kaparoú to sópato) Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map J5 Height (above sea level) 1062
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 131 sqm: 11x12 Ruin max. standing Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with many spots of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only. Mostly medium sized blocks much smaller than in cistern. One wall (NW) bedrock, part cut to (? or left in the shape of ) an upright block.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 1 Perivolos area Parts S of dwelling ruin. Perivolos length (km) 0,2 Perivolos preservation type 3 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) from NE seems to end at cistern, 80 m SE.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval and flat oval section (one straight, cf. 81, KA 16 et al), medium fine Type 2 and 4. One piece like the ones seen at cistern of Type 4 with inclusions of angular pieces of dark stone with tiny white inclusions, different from normal GD Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Open to S-winds Access Road (#2) from NE seems to end at cistern, 80 m SE. Visible. View-Visibility Closest neighbouring known sites KA09: 310 m NW. Closest recent building Mitato 100 m to W
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) The cistern, next well 800 m to NE below KA 01 Vegetation Naturally open mixed pine and kermes oak forest, recently burnt, regrowing where not agriculturally used. Fields Some level fields with good soil E of site around and below cistern, mostly eroded terraces.
Comments Stone built into cistern are much larger than those used in dwelling ruin
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Site KR 01 Region Romanou Stsi Rigous Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map I2 Height (above sea level) 1260
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Gigantic (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 195 sqm: 13x15 Ruin max. standing 2,3 m 4 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Huge blocks. Mixed double and single row, double faced.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Ca. 44.000 sharedwithKR 01B. Perivolos length (km) 1,0 Perivolos preservation type 2 Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passes 50 m S (only partly traceable).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, storage: pithos body with traces of black paint near handle, pithos rim Type 2 with dense granodiorite, medium fine Type 2 and 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 1 Fineware 1 GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: (W-E running, 250 m broad, 25 m deep at site): on side of W-facing part of slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passes 50 m S (only partly traceable). Partly visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites KR01B: 150 m S. Closest recent building Various fieldhouses from 400 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) well (hidden) W of ruin Vegetation Naturally open mixed kermes oak forest with many high mountain wild pears. Open spaces with low phrygana. Fields Terraced slopes and parts of the langada. Soil rich in phyllite and clay, holds water until early summer.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 833
Site KR 01 B Region Romanou Stsi Rigous Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map I2 Height (above sea level) 1265
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic, with entrée a chicane (see ruin shape drawing) Ruin Size ca 130 sqm 10x13 Ruin max. standing 1,4 m 3 courses Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square 1 Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Double row double faced with some parts of rubble backing where main wall stones are big rubble only. Some single row, doubled faced parts.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Ca. 44.000 sharedwith KR 01. Perivolos length (km) 1 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) passes 100 m N (only partly traceable).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval and oval section (one non-conical Type 3 red version - possible straight handle). One cooking lightly everted flat on top rim pure phyllite (DATING?) Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 1 Type 4 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Steatite, unworked fragment, chipped chert (raw looking).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Langada: (W-E running, 250 m broad, 25 m deep at site): on side of N-facing part of slope. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Road (#2) passes 100 m N (only partly traceable). Visible. View-Visibility Fields, road:PASS Closest neighbouring known sites KR01: 150 m N. Closest recent building Various fieldhouses from 400 m E
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Well (hidden) N of ruin Vegetation Naturally open mixed kermes oak forest with many high mountain wild pears. Open spaces with low phrygana. Fields Terraced slopes and parts of the langada. Some small colluvial depressions in the high rocks surrounding the site.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 834
Site KR 02 Region Sto Vorno (opposite (S) of Korakia) Map Tafos etc. 9634 7 Main Map I6 Height (above sea level) 990
DWELLING - Ruin(s) 1 Ruin kind Oncolithic. Partly included in later mitato/mandra at road, shape unclear. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of faces preserved, re-used as mitato.
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Parts Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Unclear. Ancient road probably erased by modern bulldozed track passing at site.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg flat oval section, round rim, medium fine Type 4 sherd. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995) Whetstone(s?).
TOPOGRAPHY: Position E-facing, in a small recess on a ledge of the steep N-facing slope, also slightly higher to E. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Protected to N and S, but channeling valley brings wind along. Access Unclear. Ancient road probably erased by modern bulldozed track passing at site. Would have been visible. View-Visibility Fields, road Closest neighbouring known sites 185: 300 m N (gorge inbetween) Closest recent building Mitato ruin at site.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally open mixed kermes oak forest with many high mountain wild pears. Open spaces with low phrygana. Fields Terraced slopes, fertile colluvial langada beginning at site to NE.
Comments
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 835
Site KR 03 Region W of Stsi Rigous Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map I1 Height (above sea level) 1260
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Traces of rubble with some larger stones near pottery scatter, very eroded slope. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Unclear. (Probably from W).
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod leg oval section, small scatter, unusual colours (e.g. pinkish buff with sparse orange siltstone - overfired medium fine Type 4? Or burnt site?) wiped ware. Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD 1 Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position W facing in small recess of NE-facing slope, much higher slope 300 m NE. Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) Beyond the watershed, open to W and Katharo. Access Unclear. (Probably from W). Would have been visible. View-Visibility Fields, Katharo Closest neighbouring known sites KR05: 520 m N. Closest recent building Mitato in use 50 m E.
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring on slope 100 m NE Vegetation Naturally open mixed kermes oak forest with many high mountain wild pears. Open spaces with low phrygana. Fields Fertile slopes with phyllitic-clayey soil and an all year spring below NE
Comments Part of slope with traces of site very eroded (typical high mountain erosion influenced by frost as well as water).
Bibliography
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Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 836
Site KR 04 Region Psychro Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map I2 Height (above sea level) 1220
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic. Parts next to old spring (now tap), little platia - ruin or retaining wall? Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing 0,5 m 1 course Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of one oncolithic face. Dwelling ruin?
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Unclear
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Few pieces only. Tripod leg oval section. Bright orange Type 2 version handle Type 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access View-Visibility Fields, spring, road? Closest neighbouring known sites KA15: 380 m SE. Closest recent building Inhabited houses 20-30 m N
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) At/near spring Vegetation Naturally open mixed kermes oak forest with many high mountain wild pears. Open spaces with low phrygana. Fields Sloped fields, well watered all year
Comments The big oncolithic wall at the modern tap of the spring may be not part of a ruin but a retaining wall. Pottery scatter seen at bulldozed alluvial soil opposite (exact provenance unknown). Region too much in use to say more.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 506
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 837
Site KR 05 Region Tou Romanou Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map H1 Height (above sea level) 1288
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Few big blocks integrated in derelict mitato on top of site. Ruin Size ca ? Ruin max. standing ? Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved)
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Unclear (intense re-use), some wall parts seem BA. Perivolos length (km) 0 Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Unclear
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Small pieces only (site area intensely re-used and eroded). medium fine Type 2, straight-sided handmade cup. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides. Access Unclear View-Visibility Fields, spring, road? Closest neighbouring known sites KR03: 520 m S. Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Spring (year round) 30 m E Vegetation Naturally open mixed kermes oak forest with many high mountain wild pears. Open spaces with low phrygana. Fields Slopes and langada below spring terraced, still intense use.
Comments The region has in parts densely packed mussel shell fossils.
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 507
Appendix D - Site Catalogue page 838
Site KR 06 Region Above Korakia Map Romanou 9633 8 Main Map I4 Height (above sea level) 1158
DWELLING - Ruin(s) Traces Ruin kind Oncolithic traces in parts of mitato walls built on site. Ruin Size ca ? part of one oncolithic wall clearly visible, but was that a dwelling ruin? Ruin max. standing Level Ruin type 1: Simple rectangle or square - Ruin type 2: Polygon Ruin type 3: Several buildings combined Masonry (type where preserved) Parts of one oncolithic face. Dwelling ruin?
SURROUNDING STRUCTURES-Round 0 Perivolos area Perivolos length (km) Perivolos preservation type Inner Perivolos, court vel sim Roads Road (#2) from Trapeza 30 m E.
MOVEABLE FINDS: Pottery Tripod legs flat oval section, one nearly pure phyllite (NP?). Rounded rim, base edge of conical cup, medium fine Type 4. Type 1 1 Type 2 1 Type 3 Type 4 1 Fineware GD Medium fine fabrics 1 Burnt earth Lithic finds (typology Blitzer 1995)
TOPOGRAPHY: Position Type 1 Strategical Position Not defensible. Position to wind (x= well protected) x Protected by higher slopes on all sides (only E open). Access Road (#2) from Trapeza 30 m E. Not visible. View-Visibility Fields Closest neighbouring known sites 187: 500 m SE. Closest recent building At site
ENVIRONMENT: Water (where close) Vegetation Naturally open mixed kermes oak forest with many high mountain wild pears. Open spaces with low phrygana. Fields Slopes and langada with colluvial soil terraced, terraces visibly oncolithic near site.
Comments
Bibliography
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 508
Appendix E - Round Structures page 839
Site 002 K
Region Katsouli Sterna
Map Ag Ioan 9633 4
Height masl 883
Building Ancient looking well with irregular oncolithc stones, headers toward opening.
Size ca. Ø 1m in, 1,2-2m out
Max standing level, at least 3m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 2,5 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 50m
Comment All year water. Two modern/recent cisterns close (name!), one of which might have
traces of ancient masonry.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 509
Appendix E - Round Structures page 840
Site 012 K
Region Kalogerogiannis
Map Ag Ioann 9633 4
Height masl 718
Building Well, top layer oncolithic, headers and stretchers to opening,
pear-shaped pit with rubble walls.
Size ca. Ø 1,2m in, 3-3,5m out
Max standing level, at least 3m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 5 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery In spoil from recent cleaning of well: Type 1 and 2 sherds
(one oval tripod leg), Type 4 nearly fine jug base
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 135m
Comment All year water. Some parts look ancient. Overflowing to spring in Winter.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 510
Appendix E - Round Structures page 841
Site 017C K
Region Flej
Map Ag Ioann 9633 4
Height masl 625
Building Well, oncolithic blocks on top, headers and stretchers to opening, rubble inside,
cyclindrical.
Size ca. Ø 0,6m, 1,8-2m out
Max standing level, at least 3m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 1 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 30m
Comment All year water. Nearly square opening
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 511
Appendix E - Round Structures page 842
Site 017D K
Region Flej
Map Ag Ioann 9633 4
Height masl 633
Building Traces of walling (ancient?) around level winter spring
Size ca. Ø ca 2-3m in, unclear out
Max standing level (filled) - 0,2-0,3m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters, 0
factor 1,5 for height/depth
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 80m
Comment Spring in winter, dries up in late spring, but hydrophile plants grow inside.
May be a filled-up cistern/spring
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 512
Appendix E - Round Structures page 843
Site 019 K
Region Below Ochria
Map Ag Ioann 9633 4
Height masl 928
Building Few nearly unarranged stones surrounding the opening preserved
Size ca. Ø 1,5m in, unclear out
Max standing level (filled) 0,3m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 0
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 20m
Comment Traces of (bigger) rubble structure surrounding the winter-waterhole preserved,
probably recent. But may have existed in parts.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 513
Appendix E - Round Structures page 844
Site 21B K
Region Pateragiorgis Sternes
Map Ag Ioann 9633 4
Height masl 804
Building Mostly rubble, few larger blocks
Size ca. ca Ø 3-4m in, 5-6m out, eroded
Max standing 0,5m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 32 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 20m
Comment Very eroded, may have been part of the medieval hamlet here.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 514
Appendix E - Round Structures page 845
Site 026 K
Region Evgenoú
Map Kritsa 9634 3
Height masl 620
Building Oncolithic stones longish, headers to opening; cylindrical.
Rubble to the outside of oncoliths.
Size ca. Ø 0,7m in, 2-2,5m out
Max standing level, depth min 3m
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 1 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 80m
Comment All year water. In use.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 515
Appendix E - Round Structures page 846
Site ? 027 K
Region Gourni
Map Kritsa 9634 3
Height masl 590
Building Looks mostly recent; steps inside, traces of an oncolithic outer concentrical circle
visible.
Size ca. Ø 4m in, 6m out
Max standing level, depth min 5m
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 60 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction 75m
from dwelling ruin
Comment The cistern on the spot now is recent, it has all year water and is in use.
Next to this modern cistern is a half-circular row of oncolithic stones just visible.
Possibly site of an ancient cistern already.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 516
Appendix E - Round Structures page 847
Site 027B K
Region Gourni East
Map Kritsa 9634 3
Height masl 579
Building Oncolithic well, no clear distinction headers/stretchers, half top layer preserved,
water intact + covered with twigs; possible outer rubble layer
Size ca. Ø ca. 1-1,2m in, 2,5-2,7m out;
Max standing level, depth unclear (min. 2m: full with water)
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 2 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 40m
Comment Eroded and mostly covered with twigs.
Position in lowest part of valley suggest easy access to water
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 517
Appendix E - Round Structures page 848
Site 027B K2
Region Gourni East
Map Kritsa 9634 3
Height masl 570
Building Oncolithic and impressive, very large stones around small opening,
mostly headers (where stones are rectangular)
Size ca. Ø 0,5-0,7m in, 2-2,5m out
Max standing level - 0,3m, depth unclear (min. 2m, full with water)
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 1 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 125m
Comment Most impressive oncolithic well with small opening.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 518
Appendix E - Round Structures page 849
Site 033 K + K2
Region Pateragiorgis Dolonous Lakkaki
Map Kritsa 9634 3
Height masl 790
Building rubble, badly preserved, only traces of round ruin visible
Size ca. Ø 2-2,5m in, ca 4-5 out, Ø 2m in, ca 3,5-4m out
Max standing unclear
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 12 min, 10 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 0
Comment Because of intensive re-use of area rubble masses like this are very unclear.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 519
Appendix E - Round Structures page 850
Site 034 K
Region Pateragiorgis Dolonous
Map Kritsa 9634 3
Height masl 766
Building Few larger blocks, filled, part of outer rim preserved, lots of rubble.
Size ca. Ø 4m in, 6m out
Max standing level
Underground-Above ground ?
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 0
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery Type 1 handle
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 90m
Comment A tree has been planted inside because of the humidity of the area;
a recently bulldozed pit at ca.20m keeps water in winter. Position suggests cistern.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 520
Appendix E - Round Structures page 851
Site 035 K
Region Pateragiorgis
Map Kritsa 9634 3
Height masl 860
Building Oncolithic, with little rubble (re-?) used. Headers to opening. One long stone
like beam crossing the opening (recent animal protection?). Looks like former well.
Size ca. Ø 0,7-1m in, 2,1-2,4m out
Max standing level, nearly filled
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth (2 min if open)
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 60m
Comment Similar beam-like blocking stones at: 38 K, 82 K
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 521
Appendix E - Round Structures page 852
Site 035 K2
Region Pateragiorgis
Map Kritsa 9634 3
Height masl 840
Building Oncolithic, eroded, looks like built with road and perivolos (35N, 60S)
Size ca. Ø 2m in - 4-4,5m out
Max standing level to 0,5m, max. 1m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth (10 min if open)
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 170m from 35, 140m from 60
Comment Built including perivolos wall, in middle between two sites.
On road and possibly collecting runoff (cf. Site 1B)
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 522
Appendix E - Round Structures page 853
Site 038 K
Region Geromanolis
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 942
Building Oncolithic, with little rubble (re-?) used, partly eroded. Headers to opening.
One long stone like beam crossing the opening (recent animal protection?).
Looks like former well. Seems to be built with dwelling
Size ca. Ø 0,5-0,7m in, 1,5-2m out
Max standing level to 0,5m, max. 1m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 1 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 0
Comment Similar beam-like blocking stones at: 35 K, 82 K.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 523
Appendix E - Round Structures page 854
Site 038 K2
Region Geromanolis
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 968
Building Few oncolithic stones with mostly rubble
Size ca. Ø 3-4m in, 5-6m out, cistern very improbable
Max standing 0,5m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca. 50
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r -o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 160m from Site 38, 90m from Site 200
Comment Close to the main road passing.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 524
Appendix E - Round Structures page 855
Site 039 K
Region Mesakó armí
Map Katharo S 9633 6
Height masl 940
Building Rubble, 1 big stone
Size ca. Ø 1-1,5m in, 2,5-3m out
Max standing 0,5m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca. 4
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 25m
Comment At the inner edge of the inner perivolos.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 525
Appendix E - Round Structures page 856
Site 047B- K
Region Tafos Kroustas
Map Tafos Kroustas 9634 7
Height masl 767
Building Oncolithic in and out, headers and stretchers to opening, small stones
used for chinking so as to optimally fill openings.
Size ca. Ø 4m in, 7,5-8m out
Max standing 1m downhill, 0,5m uphill - 1,6m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth Guess: 40, i.e. 3m depth
(75 if the large diameters had also factor 1,5 with depth: seems improbable.)
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 40m
Comment Impressive structure, similar to KA 20 K, surroundings look very eroded
(dwelling ruin hardly detectable).
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 526
Appendix E - Round Structures page 857
Site 049 K
Region Tafos
Map Tafos Kroustas 9634 7
Height masl 768
Building Oncolithic (headers and stretchers to opening) and big rubble.
Size ca. Ø 3m in, 5 out
Max standing level, 0,3m on downhill side, 2-2,5m deep.
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca.32
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin unclear, max 5m
Comment Looks like it may have been re-used for fieldhouse right next to it (no plaster visible
though).
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 527
Appendix E - Round Structures page 858
Site 049B K
Region Tafos Kopranes
Map Tafos Kroustas 9634 7
Height masl 770
Building Several oncolithic blocks, no planned header direction discernable (headers to
opening seem to prevail), rest rubble (possibly added to by recent agriculture).
Big blocks on outside.
Size ca. Ø 5m in, 7,5-8m out
Max standing level-0,5m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 150 (if, with factor 1,5, its height was 7,5m)
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 50m uphill
Comment If this was a granary it may have served the three closeby sites.
In its position extremely improbable for cistern
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 528
Appendix E - Round Structures page 859
Site 050 K
Region Tou Bardantoni to katalima
Map Kritsa 9634 3
Height masl 776
Building Oncolithic with (big) rubble, parts of W ruin wall and bedrock included, no
structured header/stretcher setting discernable. There is possibly a second smaller
(3m outside) round structure N next to this one.
Size ca. Ø 4-4,5m in, 5,5-6m out
Max standing level-0,3m (possible depth not visible as level filled)
Underground-Above ground ?
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth Guess: 40, i.e. 3m depth/height
(75 if the large diameters had also factor 1,5 with depth/height: seems improbable.)
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction 0
Comment Good candidate for excavation to find out about cistern/granary: Situated right above
ruin, thus seeping water would have invaded the dwelling’s base. Hence a granary is
much more probable if there is not plain bedrock underneath.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 529
Appendix E - Round Structures page 860
Site 082 K
Region Pano Sopata Bourdounospastis
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 730
Building Oncolithic, headers to opening. Looks like former well (?). Seems to be built with
dwelling.
Size ca. Ø 0,5-0,7m in, 1,5 m out
Max standing level to 0,5m, max. 1m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 1 min
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin Near through road, similar in masonry with 35 K, 38 K, also crossed by a beam-like
Comment block. The structure is surrounded by fallen (?) blocks that look in part like built
diagonally to the retaining wall above.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 530
Appendix E - Round Structures page 861
Site 082B K
Region Mesa Sopata Bourdounospastis
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 695
Building Oncolithic, some rubble in interstices. Stretcher (and few header) looking to opening.
Largely eroded on downhill side.
Size ca. Ø ca. 3,5m in, 5,5m out.
Max standing Level to 0,3m, 1,2m deep.
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 40-50
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 140m to 82 and 83
Comment On through road, between dwelling ruins 82B I and II.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 531
Appendix E - Round Structures page 862
Site 083 K
Region Tou Tzortzi o Prinos -S
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 705
Building Oncolithic, extremely overgrown, some headers toward inside visible, rubble, too
(fallen from ruin?)
Size ca. Ø ca. 3,5 m in, 5 m out.
Max standing level-0,5 m (where vsisible)
Underground-Above ground ?
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 40-50
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o (- r?)
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 0
Comment The structure lies on downslope side of ruin, might have been underground,
too overgrown to see details.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 532
Appendix E - Round Structures page 863
Site 083B K
Region Tou Tzortzi o Prinos -S
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 712
Building Oncolithic and rubble used, headers and stretchers to opening (but eroded).
Leaning to N wall (downhill) of dwelling.
Size ca. Ø ca. 2,5m in, 4-4,5m out.
Max standing 1-1,3m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca. 20
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 0
Comment It is built independently from the dwelling ruin, albeit walls seem to be touching.
If built high enough such a structure could catch some of the wind, as it sits on the
windy side (site exposed).
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 533
Appendix E - Round Structures page 864
Site 083C K
Region Tou Tzortzi o Prinos - Sarnitsi
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 678
Building Said to have been as 82 K - now rebuilt with cement. Surroundings show oncolithic
blocks.
Size ca. ? Ca. 3 m tief
Max standing ? Level
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ?
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) ?
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 5m
Comment The local who built the modern cistern (Nikos Bardas, ca. 75 in 2010) remembers
there was a structure there “like the one uphill” (82BK) before, built with big blocks,
filled to level with soil. He dug it out to ca. 3 m depth before he constructed the
cement one.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 534
Appendix E - Round Structures page 865
Site 083D K
Region Tou Tzortzi o Prinos -S
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 728
Building Oncolithic and rubble used, headers to opening where oncolithic stones seem in
original position (re-use as small mandra, top layers partly rebuilt).
Size ca. Ø ca. 3 m in, 5-5,5m out.
Max standing Level to 1,2 m (in slopes) -1,4 m deep at inner side
Underground-Above ground u/a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca.32
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 0
Comment Has been re-used recently as small (milking) mandra, one oncolithic stone set
upright to form one entrance side.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 535
Appendix E - Round Structures page 866
Site 091 K+K2
Region Bambakia to NE
Map Ag Ioann 9633 4
Height masl 744
Building Walls built with oncolithic stones and rubble, but not very compact. A few upright
blocks indicate mandra-like (or aloni?) Inner Perivoloi.
Size ca. Ø ca.5-6m
Max standing 0,3m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ??
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble)
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 30-40 m
Comment Large circles, reminding of alonia, but too small. Cf. Site 122 with similar size
“mandres”.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 536
Appendix E - Round Structures page 867
Site 099Κ
Region Stous Asfendamous
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 776
Building Oncolithic and (mostly big) rubble used, headers and stretchers to opening (but
eroded).
Size ca. Ø 4m in, 7m out
Max standing level - 0,5m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth Guess: 40, i.e. 3m depth/height (75 if the large diameters had also factor 1,5 with
depth/height: seems improbable.)
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 45m from 99E
Comment The only round structure clearly attributable to the 99 sites, few meters from the
perivolos with 131.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 537
Appendix E - Round Structures page 868
Site 099Κ2
Region Stous Asfendamous
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 839
Building Few oncolithic blocks (most bigger blocks bedrock), rest big rubble.
Size ca. Ø 3m in, 5m out.
Max standing level - 0,5m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca.30
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 300m from 99C
Comment This is attributed to the 99 sites as the (siteless) perivolos it is set in is built of the
large,
well preserved blocks all 99 perivoloi were built of.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 538
Appendix E - Round Structures page 869
Site 099Κ3
Region Stous Asfendamous
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 846
Building Nearly all stones oncolithic, few rubble. Headers and stretchers to opening, eroded.
Size ca. Ø 4m in, 6m out.
Max standing 0,5-1m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth Guess: 40, i.e. 3m depth/height (75 if the large diameters had also factor 1,5 with
depth/height: seems improbable.)
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 380m from 99C
Comment This is attributed to the 99 sites as the (siteless) perivolos it is set in is built of the
large, well preserved blocks all 99 perivoloi were built of.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 539
Appendix E - Round Structures page 870
Site 100 K
Region Karakovili
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 775
Building Oncolithic. Mostly well preserved. Headers and stretchers to opening.
Size ca. Ø ca.5m in, 7,5m out
Max standing 0,5-1m; at least 3m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth Guess: 80, i.e. 4m depth (150 if the large diameters had also factor 1,5 with depth/
height: seems improbable.)
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 15
Comment Constructed on rather high point, thus it is not so amazing they were not alluviated
since their probable re-opening in times of the recent mitato. They are said to fill
up with water sometimes in winter after strong rains for a few days (Iannis Bardas,
Kroustas).
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 540
Appendix E - Round Structures page 871
Site 100 K 2
Region Karakovili
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 775
Building Oncolithic. Mostly well preserved. Headers and stretchers to opening.
Size ca. Ø ca.4m, 6m out
Max standing 0,5-1m – ca 1,5m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth Guess: 40, i.e. 3m depth (75 if the large diameters had also factor 1,5 with depth/
height: seems improbable.)
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 20
Comment Constructed on rather high point, thus it is not so amazing they were not alluviated
since their probable re-opening in times of the recent mitato.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 541
Appendix E - Round Structures page 872
Site 101K
Region Koufalotos Lakkos SE
Map Tafos Kroustas 9634 7
Height masl 855
Building Part oncolithic, mostly rubble, half buried in slope, lower/outer part crumbling.
Size ca. Ø 3,5m in, 5,5m out
Max standing 1,4m; up to 1,3m deep (half in slope)
Underground-Above ground u/a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 50 max.
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 20m
Comment Area above might suggest collecting for cistern, wall also thick enough originally
(as far as visible/guessible).
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 542
Appendix E - Round Structures page 873
Site 106K
Region Kitio NW
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 780
Building Oncolithic (lower range size) and rubble, unclear.
Size ca. Ø 1,2 m in, ca. 2,5 m out (outer edge invisible)
Max standing Level, ca. 0,8 m deep (clearly filled with rubble in part)
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca. 4
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 0
Comment Unclear shape and function, compared to the surroundings amounts of fallen stones
amazing it is still recognizable.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 543
Appendix E - Round Structures page 874
Site 114 K
Region Boulismata NE
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 688
Building Part Oncolithic, mostly rubble, headers and stretchers to opening. Half buried in
Size ca. slope, thus half aboveground, lower part crumbling.
Max standing Ø 3 - 3,5m in, 5,5-6m out level on uphill side, there 1,3m deep. 1,3m on downhill side.
Underground-Above ground u/a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca.40
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 30m
Comment Could be cistern, wall thick enough originally (as far as visible/guessible),
probably re-used as mandra.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 544
Appendix E - Round Structures page 875
Site 119K
Region Rodares
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 910
Building Oncolithic parts and mostly rubble, eroded edges (headers and stretchers unclear).
Size ca. Ø 2,5 m in, 4,5 m out
Max standing 0,5-1m, inside level with surroundings, many fallen stones in surroundings (origin
unclear, possibly from cleaning ruin to build recent hut at 3 m W)
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca.30
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 0
Comment Area so close to ruin (and slightly higher than its ground level) doesn’t seem to
suggest a cistern.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 545
Appendix E - Round Structures page 876
Site 119B K
Region Rodares
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 930
Building Rubble with few larger stones (outer layers larger than inner filling) - eroding.
Size ca. Ø ca 3,5m in; wall unclear.
Max standing ca. 1m, inside level
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 30-40
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 70m
Comment On the rocky edge of a long, good field langada, ca. 10m from road.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 546
Appendix E - Round Structures page 877
Site 126K
Region Tafos N
Map Tafos Kroustas 9634 7
Height masl 812
Building Oncolithic and rubble used, headers and stretchers unclear (eroded).
Size ca. Ø 3-4m in, 5-6m out.
Max standing 0,5m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 30-40
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 12m
Comment The outer edge rather clearly discernable, the inner fallen.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 547
Appendix E - Round Structures page 878
Site 127K
Region Rodares
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 855
Building Oncolithic and rubble (recently rebuilt as kind of hut)
Size ca. Unclear
Max standing SW (oncolithic) part possibly 1,3 m
Underground-Above ground u/a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ?
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) ? Original possibly o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin At ruin, or close (exact ruin shape unclear).
Comment The re-building as hut has masked too much detail to say more.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 548
Appendix E - Round Structures page 879
Site ? 128K
Region Tafos N
Map Tafos Kroustas 9634 7
Height masl 818
Building Oncolithic, some upright slabs, not whole circle preserved
Size ca. ?
Max standing 0,8m
Underground-Above ground ?
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ?
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r, some big upright slabs.
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 8m
Comment Some upright slabs, unclear shape - not comparable to any of the other Round
Structures. Other function?
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 549
Appendix E - Round Structures page 880
Site 136K
Region Megalo Platoma
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl
Building Oncolithic in part
Size ca. Ø 1 m in,1,8 m out
Max standing 0,8m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth less than 1
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin At W wall of ruin
Comment The oncolithic looking blocks are partly bedrock, the rubble is double row,
double face constructed.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 550
Appendix E - Round Structures page 881
Site 138Κ
Region Rodares
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 863
Building Oncolithic blocks, unsystematically built, not well preserved.
Size ca. Ø 3-4m in, 5-6m out
Max standing 0,7m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 40-50
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o-r
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin At ruin, probably using SW wall as wall part
Comment Slightly uphill from ruin.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 551
Appendix E - Round Structures page 882
Site ? 138B K
Region Rodares
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl
Building Not quite round, few oncolithic stones and big rubble. Larger blocks seem to be on
outside and more carefully set. Overgrown state doesn’t allow clear view.
Size ca. Ca. 2,5m in (too many dense bushes for clear idea).
Max standing 0,5m
Underground-Above ground ? (looks like a)
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ?
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 8-10m
Comment Not well preserved, the visible part looks like a small square with rounded corners,
the walls are too broad for a small dwelling building. Function unclear.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 552
Appendix E - Round Structures page 883
Site ? 142 K
Region Kroustas Kalderimi
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 595
Building Oncolithic (parts visible only), E wall used partly for modern mandra. Partly covered
in colluvial soil. Some headers might be facing inside, visibly ancient part carefully
built.
Size ca. Ø 6m in, 7,5m minimum out (W wall missing/invisible)
Max standing 0,8m
Underground-Above ground ?
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ?
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o?
Pottery ? Overgrown, but rather close to site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 15m SE of ruin
Comment Very unclear situation through recent re-use of area as mandra and current
agricultural use. Would have to be excavated.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 553
Appendix E - Round Structures page 884
Site 179 K
Region “Glisterni” (name giving)
Map Tafos 9634 7
Height masl 890
Building Oncolithic, half built into slope, lower part partly using bedrock as wall, headers
facing inside, some small stones filling gaps. Above flat area suitable to collect water
for cistern
Size ca. Ø 4m in, 6,6m outside, wall to downslope side: 2m.
Max standing 1,5m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 40-50
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery Rare case of round structure with its own pottery traces: only medium fine ware,
thin material (0,3 cm max.) all types. Jugs of 1-15 cm Ø, no cups.
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 70m
Comment Name-giving to the area “Glisterni”.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 554
Appendix E - Round Structures page 885
Site 183 K
Region Koutsoura Lakkos
Map Tafos 9634 7
Height masl 843
Building Round – Oncolithic parts, some upright slabs.
Size ca. Ø ca. 4m outside
Max standing 0,5m
Underground-Above ground a?
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ?
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 4m
Comment Unusual upright stone circle (?). Few fallen stones
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 555
Appendix E - Round Structures page 886
Site 184 K
Region Sta’Giorgiou (Koutsoura Lakkos S)
Map Tafos 9634 7
Height masl
Building Oncolithic frame with rubble filling (built together?)
Size ca. Ø ca. 4m outside, wall width unclear
Max standing 1m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ?
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 200m
Comment Looks stout, partly based on bedrock, all stones very weathered. A wall construction
(like a small mandra) is attached, similar weathering, but synchronous?
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 556
Appendix E - Round Structures page 887
Site 185 K
Region Sto Stavro (Koutsoura Lakkos)
Map Tafos 9634 7
Height masl 924
Building Oncolithic parts, round
Size ca. Ø 2,5m in, 4,5m out.
Max standing 0,8m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca.20
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin Using ruin’s E wall as outer part of W wall element.
Comment Cf. 189 K3 for similar aboveground Round Structure next to ruin that also
incorporates oncolithic blocks in its outer masonry.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 557
Appendix E - Round Structures page 888
Site 189K
Region Koutsoura Armi
Map Tafos 9634 7
Height masl 862
Building Round – few oncolithic rocks in what looks like outer side.
Size ca. Ø 3,5 in - 6m out (including fallen material)
Max standing 1m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 30-40
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 100m
Comment On a very rocky, raised part of the area.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 558
Appendix E - Round Structures page 889
Site 189K2
Region Koutsoura Armi
Map Tafos 9634 7
Height masl 860
Building Round – few oncolithic blocks, some big rubble, some very small stones (added later?)
on heap. NE part of wall well preserved.
Size ca. Ø 4 in, 6m out.
Max standing 1-1,5m (slope)
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 40-50
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 3-4m
Comment Unusually well preserved, cleaning might reveal more details.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 559
Appendix E - Round Structures page 890
Site 189K3
Region Koutsoura Armi
Map Tafos 9634 7
Height masl 860
Building Several oncolithic blocks, no planned header direction discernable, rest big rubble.
Big blocks on outside, one upright.
Size ca. Ø 3m in, 5,5m out
Max standing 0,5-0,8m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 30-40
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 5m
Comment Well preserved, right next to ruin, includes unusually big stones for aboveground
Round Structure (because of the proximity to site? Cf. 185 K)
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 560
Appendix E - Round Structures page 891
Site 192K
Region Tafos Fortezza
Map Tafos 9634 7
Height masl 778
Building Mostly rubble, some bigger stones in what might have been outer perimeter.
Size ca. Ø 5m, outside, inside unclear.
Max standing 0,3m
Underground-Above ground ?
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ?
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 4m E of ruin
Comment Area has some colluvial soil collected probably behind inner perivolos
(parts visible further E), levelling with the traces of the structure.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 561
Appendix E - Round Structures page 892
Site 200K
Region Goula tou Mazochordia
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 958
Building Oncolithic blocks arranged with headers inside facing only on one side (the best
preserved), rest seems haphazard - re-used? (e.g. as bee-enclosure). Some big rubble
Size ca. used.
Max standing Ø 2,5 m in, 4,5m out.
Underground-Above ground 0,8m on downhill side
Estimated content in cubic meters, u/a
factor 1,5 for height/depth
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) ca. 20
Pottery o-r
Distance and slope direction Below site
from dwelling ruin
Comment ca. 30 m
Small recent fieldhose 50m N might have re-used the structure.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 562
Appendix E - Round Structures page 893
Site 215K
Region Kroustas SW
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 674
Building Oncolitic blocks with rubble filling, headers and stretchers to inside, rubble
Size ca. inbetween.
Max standing Ø 2,5- 3 m in, 4,5 - 5 m out.
Underground-Above ground 0,3-0,6 m, 1,3 m deep (uphill)
Estimated content in cubic meters, u/a
factor 1,5 for height/depth
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) ca. 30
Pottery o-r
Distance and slope direction At site
from dwelling ruin
Comment 3m
Nearly filled but probably originally underground (still the level is deeper on the
inside)
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 563
Appendix E - Round Structures page 894
Site 216K
Region Kroustas SW
Map Kroustas 9634 5
Height masl 692
Building Oncolithic blocks, headers of larger, stretchers of smaller to inside.
Size ca. Ø 2,5 m in, 4,5 m out.
Max standing 0,6 -0,8 m, - 1,5 m deep (uphill)
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca.30
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 6 m N of ruin (not easily visible between rocks and shrubs).
Comment Built in a rocky area near ruin. A small compartment built from the original material
inside the lower (downhill) side is said by locals to have been koumos
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 564
Appendix E - Round Structures page 895
Site KA 03K
Region Kaminaki/Kalamavka
Map Tafos etc. 9634 7
Height masl 940
Building Few oncolithic blocks, rest rubble, attached to ruin on E and using its E wall as
W part. Oncolithic blocks unsystematically used on outer part of wall, not well
preserved.
Size ca. Ø ca.3m in, 5m out
Max standing 0,8m
Underground-Above ground a
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 30
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) r-o
Pottery At site
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 0
Comment Note the seemingly intentionally included underground space under SE part of ruin,
possibly a cistern?
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 565
Appendix E - Round Structures page 896
Site KA 06K
Region Kaminaki/Kalamavka
Map Tafos etc. 9634 7
Height masl 1020
Building Oncolithic. Mostly well preserved. Headers facing opening. Blocks built very
carefully, few smaller stones used for chinking inside.
Size ca. Ø ca. 2m in - 4m out
Max standing level, 0,8m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth ca. 10
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin 110m
Comment Well preserved, at roadside, looks typically “underground” style.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 566
Appendix E - Round Structures page 897
Site KA 09 K
Region Karvunolakkos
Map Romanou 9633 8
Height masl 1046
Building Oncolithic, blocks built very carefully with headers facing inside, few smaller stones
used for chinking. One side (ca. 3m) consisting of vertical bedrock, standing also up
to 3m over level ground.
Size ca. Ø ca. 2-3m in, 4-5m outside (one side flat rock)
Max standing level, 1,5m deep
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters,
factor 1,5 for height/depth 15
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery -
Distance and slope direction
from dwelling ruin ca. 15 m
Comment On the most humid spot of the region.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 567
Appendix E - Round Structures page 898
Site KA 20K
Region Above Kato Kaminaki
Map Tafos etc. 9634 7
Height masl 1055
Building Oncolithic - largest stones of all round structures. Blocks built very carefully, mostly
headers facing inside, few smaller stones used for chinking. Rubble on outside as
filling or for extra support?
Size ca. Ø 3,5m in, 7,5m outside, +1,5m rubble (fallen?) on downslope side.
Max standing ca. 1,5m on downslope side. Depth now: Ca. 2,5m.
Underground-Above ground u
Estimated content in cubic meters 27,5 with actual depth
Masonry material (oncolithic-rubble) o
Pottery Little, might have wandered down from site. Shapeless pieces, all Minoan. Two
matching pieces of a strange kind of Type 4 with angular chunks of dark stone with
tiny white inclusions, different from normal GD
Distance and slope direction ca. 80 m
Comment Has a wall surrounding the flat area next to it, probably for catching rainwater.
Most massive knwon Minoan cistern.
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 568
Appendix F: Lithics page 899
1 cm
42/1 tool with drilled groove
1 cm
42/2 tool with drilled groove
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 569
Appendix F: Lithics page 900
1 cm
62c tool with drilled groove
1 cm
83c tool with drilled groove
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 570
Appendix F: Lithics page 901
1 cm
151 tool with drilled groove
1 cm
167 tool with drilled groove
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 571
Appendix F: Lithics page 902
1 cm
32 balance weight
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 572
Appendix G - Toponyms page 903
APPENDIX G:
Toponyms and Toponym Confusion
in the Tsivi South Area since 1885
(Bold: Toponyms mentioned in the archaeological bibliography – see also maps
below. Site numbers in square brackets are those used in this study.)
Site 18: Achladies/Akhladies/Akhladiais (“Pear Trees”) cf. drawings App. B.
Evans wrote of a site he called Του κατσούλι τση στέρνα, and translated as “Kitten’s
Cistern” [Του Κατσούλη (τς)η στέρνα is >Katsouli’s cistern<] “or more commonly
Plativolo” (Evans 1896, in Brown 2001: 201). Still, the site he describes is actually
(and probably always was) called “Achladies”. Του Κατσούλη η στέρνα is at [Site 2],
520 m NNW of Achladies and on a path parallel to the one by Achladies.
“Plativolo” (“Flat Ground” – it is just less wildly sloping than the rest) is a larger area
with several sites [Sites 55 A-E] 3 km further east, also noted as existent by Hood
in 1948 (Brown 2001: 202; Hood seems not to have published these notes given
by Brown; Hood also mentioned “Pateragiorgis Sternes”, ibid.). Achladies is the
opposite of flat, but one of the most carstic regions (apart from the actual ledge
with the site and some recent mitata).
Pendlebury corrected the name of Evans’ site to “Αχλαδιαίς - Akhladhiais” (1935-
36: 12; 1939: 296), it still has that name.
Zielinski (1998: 314) unfortunately increases the confusion by calling “Achladies” his
site 54. But what he describes is a site area ESE - ca.1300 m - of Site 18/Achladies
[Sites 21 A-H]. Zielinski believed he was citing Pendlebury (1939:296) whom he
must have misunderstood. His visit (or their – see his note 101 p.314: with Watrous/
Nowicki/ Haggis) was obviously to another site, the area of which is actually called
“Pateragiorgis Sternes” because of two big cisterns (they were probably the reason
Zielinski mixed them up with “Achladies” as ”Katsouli Sterna” – there is no cistern at
Site 18 Achladies, but at Site 2 Katsouli Sterna). It is unclear which of the [21-Sites]
Zielinski saw, I believe [21 B], the ruin of which is best preserved (one wall, the rest
is Venetian to Ottoman). See also below, note 1.
Evans’ drawing (Brown 2001: 311) seems to be correct as for the walls (numbers
and directions) of the main site of Achladies [Site 18], whereas Brown is right in
stating that the ruin called a >watchtower< “is more or less square” (ibid.:310).
The “9 metres long” stretch of wall mentioned by Brown (ibid.) is just the best
visible part in this small section of [Site 18’s] long (and also in many other parts well
visible) enclosure wall (perivolos), altogether ca. 1200 m long. The pottery seen at
Achladies by me is datable to MM II and LM III (contra Brown: LM date: 310)
Achladies is not to be confounded with two other toponyms called “Achlada”
(“PearTree”), one on the ancient path from Tapes to Katharo [Site 9], the other
further to the West towards Kroustas (above and NW of Ag. Ioannis Theologos, from
where another ancient path comes up; region of [Sites 37, 50, 60/60B, 75, 78]).
Sabine Beckmann PhD Thesis
PDF 573
Appendix G - Toponyms page 904
Site 2: Του Κατσούλη η στέρνα (Evans: “Kitten’s Cistern”, see also above) – not
identical with Achladies [Site 18], neither with Pateragiorgis Sternes [Sites 21]1.
Evans may have had problems reading his own sketch (Brown 2001: 311) where he
noted “Katsouli Sterna” next to “Plativolo” as caption, but also wrote “Plativolo” on
the W side of the ruin with the name “Avdeliako” (this metochi in the Katharo plain
actually lies in that direction, while Plativolo as known today is in the East).
Site 28 Skalia: Taramelli (1899: 415, fig. 48) describes a site that is called Koprana
by Brown (2001: 343 - the unnamed by Taramelli site is named as such by Hood,
she implies: 201). Brown also cites Effenterre 1949. Effenterre compares his source
“Mariani” (erroneously for: Taramelli!), Mon. Ant. IX, 1899 col. 418 sq (should be:
415 sq) and fig 48 with his “fortins crétois” (Effenterre 1949: 1040) – although the
masonry of the small fortresses from later antiquity (Hellenistic) he describes has
very little in common with the Minoan ruins studied here. Probably Effenterre
actually never saw the ruins on the Lassithi-Kritsa road but compares Taramelli’s
very sketchy ground plan drawing (1899: fig.48) with the later “fortins”. The ruin
drawn and described by Taramelli is best comparable with [Site 28], a region
nowadays called “Skalia”. Brown 2001: 205 n. 183 also supposes as “Koprana” those
sites described by Evans as shortly below Achladies “where the valley widens out”
(ibid.). These ought to be neither Skalia (1800 m further E) nor Koprana (2000 m
further S) but [Sites 22 and 23] (left and right of the kalderimi where the valley
widens out, ca. 700 and 950 m E of Achladies respectively, toponym: Argoulida)
Site 57: Koprana (but cave Brown 2001: 343, see above!). 2000 m south of [Site 28].
Site 95: Plaka Roukhana (Brown 2001: 202, 354) is – according to Brown’s
description following Hood - most probably identical with [Site 95]. I agree that
this must be the place described by Evans (1896) and following him by Taramelli
(1899: 415), although it doesn’t seem quite as grand as they say. Still, when
“walking” downhill, as they did, towards the site (walking fast like riding, ca. 20
min. below the top of the pass, as Evans says 1895, cf. Brown 2001: 205) one sees
to the left large stones (typical for perivoloi: some blocks standing on edge) of an
inner enclosure. The dwelling ruin is not really recognizable as such – it looks from
the road basically like a long, low wall of large, mostly well set oncolithic blocks.
This is the NW wall of the badly preserved ruin (no pottery visible on the surface)
running for some meters parallel to the road on the right. A very well preserved
part of the Inner Perivolos runs for a few meters parallel to it on the left of the road,
then continuing at 45° downhill (not well preserved) further to the left. Following
the road further down after ca. 15 m, one meets the Outer Perivolos - basically
set perpendicular to the road, and running to the right and left from it. Contrary
to Evans’ and Taramelli’s statements this wall doesn’t just run up- and downhill,
but when looking closely one can follow it in both cases around a bend to the SW,
where both parts bend again and meet. In the West the perivolos is again cut by
the road – and close to it more or less invisible. The case has become worse after
the (uphill, parallel to the kalderimi) construction of the asphalt road that also cuts
the enclosure wall in two spots (see Ch. II.a for a short description and map of this
region). Locals don’t know such a placename any more.
Plativolo (Brown 2001: 202, note 173) the area of [Sites 55-55D], ca. 3 km W of
Achladies. But there is also another “Plativolo” SE of the area with known sites.
Skamia (Brown 2001: 202, note 173: 5 min fr “Koprana”) – Possibly what was taken
as “Koprana” by Hood/Brown ([Site 28] “Skalia”) has been mixed up with this similar
sounding toponym: ca. 5 minutes from [Site 28] to the N are two sites, [Site 89] and
[Site 90], in an area given as “Skamia” slightly further E on the Hatt 1:5000 map.
1 Zielinski (1998) : p.314: The large recent metochi on the site near the cisterns belongs to
“Pateragiorgis Sternes” (Sites 21) – Zielinski has probably seen 21B, below which most of the pottery
is visible. Achladies and Sternes are among the few sites of the area that show LM III apart from MM II
pottery.
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Site 1, 1B: Ast(o)ividopo (Brown 2001: 202 n.173)2 (Thorny-Burnet-Place).
Mentioned by Hood/Brown. Evans must have passed it by ca. 50-80 m (distance of
the kalderimi he rode upon from the site) without noticing it, although it is rather
well preserved. As seems also the case with “Plaka Roukhana”, and other sites
slightly further from the equitable kalderimi, Evans probably didn’t leave his horse
much in the area (he did at [Site 18] “Achladies” – see the photo showing him in
conqueror-pose on the ruin of Achladies, Brown 2001: 310). Not to be confounded
with another “Astividopo” further E and above Achlada (the second one described
above), [Sites 58, 58B].
Site 51: Zielinski’s “Ano Kritsa I” (1998:313) is not as large as he says (12x12m
– actually its shape is an L-form, 8x11 m on the long, 8x8 m on the short side),
but the bend in the passing Minoan road specifies the site as [Site 51], E part of
Pateragiorgis.
Site 5-7: Paterakis – (from Demargne 1903). The region where the “Kyparissitas”-
inscription is said to have been found. Nowadays what is called Paterakis [at Site
6] lies further E of the only possible place where the inscription might have been
found if there was any pottery to go with it (as far as I know). The region I suppose
Demargne describes lies further WNW near [Site 7B] ([Site 7A] doesn’t exist in my
list any more, but was the spot with the Byzantine pottery 50-70 m further S from
[Site 7B]). This is in the central part of the Kritsa Cypress Forest.
2 This site has been known to the Archaeological Service for years (Vaso Zografaki KΔ Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων, personal communication).
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Figure 1: Map of the study area with toponyms – northern half
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Figure 2: Map of the study area with toponyms – southern half
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Toponyms in the studied area
Place names alphabetic (some do not appear on the map for space reasons.
If a site number is given the toponym is mainly for that area only).
Achlada (2x: 9+37 area) Katsouli Sterna
Achlada Kephali (75) Kephala
Achladies Kithio
Agios Ioannis/Flej Koprana (57)
Amygdalidi Korakia
Amygdalolakkos Koufálas Lakkos
Angastara Koufalotos Lakkos
Antramithia (44) Koufári Armi
Argoulidia (90) Lenika (177)
Arkalídia (Kroustas S Mesarmos) Leniko (KA 15)
(167)
Limni (155,156,157)
Astividopo (2x: 1+58)
Mavros Dasos (110)
Babakia
Mazochordias
Chiromítata
Megali Limni
Chonaria
Megalo Platoma
Dolonous
Mesakó Armí (39)
Dolonous Lakkaki
Mesarmos
Fortezza
Mesorachi (167)
Geromanolis (38)
Mikri Limni
Glisterni
Monoprinos (174)
Gonies
Ochria
Goula tou Mazochordia (200)
Pano Kaminaki
Gourni
Pano Tapes (32)
Kalogerogiannis
Pateragiorgis (or Paterogiorgis)
Kalogeros Seli (44B)
Pateragiorgis Argoulida
Kameni Apidia
Pateragiorgis Sternes
Kaparoú (KA 20)
Pateragiorgis Volakas
Karakovili
Paterakis
Karvounolakkos
Pefkalidiás (180-181)
Kato Kaminaki
Perama (170)
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Plativolo Sto Vorno (KR02)
Psychro Stous Asfendamous (2x: 8+99 area)
Rodares Stsi Rigous
Romanou Ta Kapsalia (62)
Roukouna Argoulidiá (89) Tafos
Roukouno Tapes Sta Mesokoudoura (31)
Selli (97) Theologos
Selli Koufaloto (131) Tou Androuli to Lakkaki (174B)
Skalia (28) Tou Christofí (205)
Sopata Bourdounospasti (82, 82B) Tou Geromanóli (201)
Souvli (26) Tou Nikifóro to kamini (111)
Souvlo (43) Tou Sfiri to Aloni (197)
Sti Bebeli (56) Tou Skoulikaromanoli (171)
Sti Skala (198) Tou Tzortzi o Prinos (83B, sarnitsi: 83)
Stin Argoulida (108) Tou Vardantoni to katalima (50)
Stis Tourkises (130) Tourkisses (128, 130, 210)
Sto Dítrypo (39B) Voina
Sto Makrydéti (202) Voulismata (112-117)
Sto Mitataki (KA08) Xenogiorgos
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